11. Which politician in British India had opposed to a Pakistan that would

Which politician in British India had opposed to a Pakistan that would mean “Muslim Raj here and Hindu Raj elsewhere”?

Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Sikandar Hayat Khan
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad
Rafi Ahmed Kidwai
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2019
The correct answer is C.
Maulana Abul Kalam Azad was a prominent nationalist Muslim leader within the Indian National Congress and a staunch opponent of the Partition of India based on the Two-Nation Theory. He consistently advocated for a united India where Muslims and Hindus could coexist harmoniously. The phrase “Muslim Raj here and Hindu Raj elsewhere” encapsulates the religious division logic behind the concept of Pakistan, which Azad vehemently opposed throughout his political career. His views were articulated forcefully in his writings and speeches, arguing against the idea that Muslims in India constituted a separate nation.
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan, also known as Frontier Gandhi, was another prominent Muslim leader who opposed the Partition, particularly the inclusion of the North-West Frontier Province into Pakistan, advocating for an independent ‘Pakhtunistan’ or a united India. Sikandar Hayat Khan was the Premier of Punjab (1937-1942) and leader of the Unionist Party; while initially favoring a confederation, he eventually supported the idea of Pakistan. Rafi Ahmed Kidwai was also a nationalist Muslim leader in Congress, but Maulana Azad was the most prominent and vocal critic of the Partition on the grounds of religious nationalism at the all-India level.

12. Simla was founded as a hill station to use as strategic place for bill

Simla was founded as a hill station to use as strategic place for billeting troops, guarding frontier and launching campaign during the course of

Anglo-Maratha War
Anglo-Burmese War
Anglo-Gurkha War
Anglo-Afghan War
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2019
The correct answer is C.
Shimla (then Simla) came under British control after the Anglo-Gurkha War (1814-1816). The war ended with the Treaty of Sugauli, by which the Gurkhas ceded territories, including the hills around Shimla, to the British. The British initially developed Shimla as a retreat and sanatorium for their troops. Its strategic location in the hills made it suitable for billeting troops, guarding the northern frontier, and as a base for potential campaigns in the region. It later became the summer capital of British India.
While Shimla was certainly used during later conflicts like the Anglo-Afghan Wars, its establishment and initial development as a strategic hill station for military purposes were a direct consequence of the British victory in the Anglo-Gurkha War and their acquisition of the territory.

13. In 1921, during which one of the following tours, Gandhiji shaved his

In 1921, during which one of the following tours, Gandhiji shaved his head and began wearing loincloth in order to identify with the poor?

Ahmadabad
Champaran
Chauri Chaura
South India
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2019
The correct answer is D.
In September 1921, while on a tour of South India, Mahatma Gandhi witnessed the abject poverty of people in Madurai. He was deeply moved by their inability to afford adequate clothing. In solidarity with the poor and as a symbol of his commitment to Swadeshi and simple living, he decided to shave his head and adopt the loincloth as his permanent attire. This change marked a significant moment in his life and struggle.
The Champaran movement took place in 1917. The Ahmedabad mill strike happened in 1918. The Chauri Chaura incident occurred in February 1922, leading to the suspension of the Non-Cooperation Movement. Gandhiji’s adoption of the loincloth happened in September 1921, during his tour of South India.

14. Which one of the following statements about the provisions of the Cons

Which one of the following statements about the provisions of the Constitution of India with regard to the State of Jammu and Kashmir is not correct?

The Directive Principles of State Policy do not apply.
Article 35A gives some special rights to the permanent residents of the State with regard to employment, settlement and property.
Article 19(1)(f) has been omitted.
Article 368 is not applicable for the amendment of Constitution of State.
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2019
The correct answer is A.
This question refers to the constitutional status of Jammu and Kashmir prior to the abrogation of Article 370 in August 2019.
A) The Directive Principles of State Policy (Part IV of the Constitution of India) largely did not apply to Jammu and Kashmir. The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954 explicitly stated that Part IV shall not apply in relation to the State. While there might be very specific interpretations or minor exceptions, the statement that they “do not apply” is broadly considered correct in the context of formal constitutional application.
B) Article 35A, which stemmed from Article 370 and the 1954 Presidential Order, gave special rights and privileges to the permanent residents of Jammu and Kashmir, including matters related to employment, settlement, and property ownership. This statement is correct.
C) Article 19(1)(f), which guaranteed the fundamental right to acquire, hold, and dispose of property, was omitted from the Indian Constitution by the 44th Amendment Act, 1978. This amendment, including the omission of 19(1)(f) and Article 31, was extended to Jammu and Kashmir through subsequent Presidential Orders under Article 370. Thus, statement C is correct.
D) Article 368 provides for the amendment of the Constitution of India. The Constitution of the State of Jammu and Kashmir had its own amendment procedure laid down in Section 147 of the Jammu and Kashmir Constitution Act, 1957. Article 368 of the Indian Constitution was not applicable for amending the State Constitution. Thus, statement D is correct.

Given that statements B, C, and D are factually correct based on the application of the Indian Constitution to J&K before 2019, statement A is the most likely intended incorrect statement, although the 1954 Order explicitly stated Part IV did not apply. The intended inaccuracy in A might lie in the absolute nature of “do not apply”, perhaps suggesting that some principles might have influenced state legislation or judicial interpretation, although the Part as a whole was not directly applicable or enforceable.

The constitutional relationship between India and Jammu and Kashmir was governed by Article 370, which allowed for limited application of the Indian Constitution to the state. The Constitution (Application to Jammu and Kashmir) Order, 1954, as amended from time to time, listed the provisions of the Indian Constitution that applied to J&K and specified any modifications.

15. Which one of the following statements about the National Green Tribuna

Which one of the following statements about the National Green Tribunal is not correct?

It was set up in the year 2010.
It is involved in effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection and conservation of forests.
It may consider giving relief and compensation for damages to persons and property.
It is bound by the procedures laid down under the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908.
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2019
The correct answer is D.
The National Green Tribunal (NGT) was established under the National Green Tribunal Act, 2010. Its principal bench is in Delhi, with other benches across the country. The NGT is mandated to provide effective and expeditious environmental justice. While it has powers akin to a civil court, it is explicitly stated in the NGT Act, 2010 (Section 19) that the Tribunal shall not be bound by the procedure laid down by the Code of Civil Procedure, 1908, but shall be guided by the principles of natural justice. It can regulate its own procedure. Therefore, statement D is incorrect.
Statements A, B, and C are correct. The NGT was indeed set up in 2010 (A). Its purpose includes the effective and expeditious disposal of cases relating to environmental protection, conservation of forests, and compensation for victims of pollution (B and C). It can order relief and compensation for damages to persons and property due to environmental harm.

16. Which one of the following statements with regard to India’s surgical

Which one of the following statements with regard to India’s surgical strike inside Pakistan Occupied Kashmir is correct?

It was conducted in the year 2018.
It was led by the Indian Air Force.
It was not given any name.
It was sanctioned by the United Nations.
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2019
The correct answer is C) It was not given any name.
The surgical strike conducted by the Indian Army across the Line of Control in September 2016 was not officially given a specific, publicly known codename.
The surgical strike was carried out by the Indian Army’s Special Forces on September 29, 2016, following the Uri attack. It was not conducted in 2018, nor was it led by the Indian Air Force. It was a military action by India and was not sanctioned by the United Nations.

17. The Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund is operated by which one of

The Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund is operated by which one of the following bodies?

The Prime Minister's Office (PMO)
The National Disaster Management Authority
The Ministry of Finance
The National Development Council (NDC)
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2019
The correct answer is A) The Prime Minister’s Office (PMO).
The Prime Minister’s National Relief Fund (PMNRF) is managed by officials of the Prime Minister’s Office (PMO).
The PMNRF was established in 1948 by the first Prime Minister of India, Jawaharlal Nehru, with public contributions, and does not get any budgetary support from the government. It is used to provide immediate relief to families of those affected by natural calamities and to partially defray the expenses for medical treatment like heart surgeries, kidney transplantation, cancer treatment, etc.

18. Afro-Asian solidarity as a central element of India’s foreign policy w

Afro-Asian solidarity as a central element of India’s foreign policy was initiated by which of the following Prime Ministers?

Narendra Modi
I. K. Gujral
J. L. Nehru
Manmohan Singh
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2019
The correct answer is C) J. L. Nehru.
Jawaharlal Nehru, India’s first Prime Minister, was the principal architect of India’s foreign policy in the post-independence era, strongly advocating for Afro-Asian solidarity and the Non-Aligned Movement.
Nehru played a pivotal role in organizing and attending key conferences promoting Afro-Asian unity, such as the Asian Relations Conference in 1947 and the Bandung Conference in 1955, laying the foundation for cooperation among newly independent nations in Asia and Africa.

19. Consider the following statements relating to Coal India Limited :

Consider the following statements relating to Coal India Limited :

  • 1. It is designated as a ‘Maha Ratna’ company under the Ministry of Coal.
  • 2. It is the single largest coal-producing company in the world.
  • 3. The Headquarters of Coal India Limited is located at Ranchi, Jharkhand.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2019
The correct answer is A) 1 only.
Statement 1 is correct as Coal India Limited (CIL) is a Maharatna Public Sector Undertaking under the administrative control of the Ministry of Coal.
Statement 3 is incorrect because the Headquarters of Coal India Limited is located in Kolkata, West Bengal, not Ranchi, Jharkhand. Statement 2, claiming CIL is the single largest coal-producing company in the world, is a strong claim which may not always be accurate compared to other global players like China Energy Investment Corporation, making it potentially incorrect or debatable depending on the metric and time frame. Therefore, only statement 1 is certainly correct.

20. Damanganga Reservoir Project with about 115 km of minor canals and dis

Damanganga Reservoir Project with about 115 km of minor canals and distributaries is located in

NCT
Dadra and Nagar Haveli
Puducherry
Goa
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2019
The correct answer is B) Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
The Damanganga Reservoir Project, also known as the Madhuban Dam, is located on the Damanganga river near the border of Gujarat and Dadra and Nagar Haveli. Its command area and canal network significantly serve Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
The Damanganga river originates in the Sahyadri ranges and flows through Maharashtra, Gujarat, and the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli. The reservoir provides irrigation water and drinking water to the region, including Dadra and Nagar Haveli.