UPSC CDS-1

11. Which one of the following climatic types is found in Central Spain?

Which one of the following climatic types is found in Central Spain?

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Subarctic
Mediterranean dry hot summer
Subtropical Steppe
Humid continental warm summer
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Central Spain, particularly the Meseta Central area including Madrid, experiences a climate characterized by hot, dry summers and cold winters. This climate type fits the description of a continental Mediterranean climate, which is a variation of the Mediterranean climate with more extreme temperatures due to its inland location. Among the given options, ‘Mediterranean dry hot summer’ (often Csa in Köppen classification) is the most appropriate description for the summer conditions and overall climate despite the continental influence in winter.
A standard Mediterranean climate (Csa/Csb) is characterized by dry summers and mild, wet winters. Central Spain shares the dry summer feature but has colder winters than typical coastal Mediterranean regions, exhibiting continental traits.
Other options are incorrect. Subarctic is found at high latitudes. Subtropical Steppe (BSk) occurs in drier, often more southerly parts of Spain. Humid continental (Dfa/Dfb) is characterized by significant precipitation throughout the year or a less pronounced dry summer than observed in central Spain.

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12. Which of the following statements with regard to Coal India Limited (C

Which of the following statements with regard to Coal India Limited (CIL) is/are true?

  • 1. CIL has its headquarters at Kolkata.
  • 2. CIL operates through 82 mining areas spread over twenty provincial States of India.
  • 3. CIL is the single largest coal-producing company in the world.

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1 only
1 and 3 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
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Statement 1 is true: Coal India Limited (CIL) has its headquarters in Kolkata, West Bengal. Statement 3 is also true: CIL is widely recognized as the single largest coal-producing company in the world based on production volume. Statement 2 is false: CIL operates through its subsidiaries in 8 coal-bearing states of India, not twenty provincial states.
CIL is a public sector undertaking under the Ministry of Coal, Government of India. It plays a dominant role in the Indian coal sector, accounting for a major share of the country’s total coal production.
The 8 states where CIL’s major operations are spread are West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Uttar Pradesh, and Assam. The number of mining areas operated by CIL subsidiaries is significant, but the claim about ‘twenty provincial States’ is factually incorrect.

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13. The College of Military Engineering affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru Uni

The College of Military Engineering affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru University is situated at

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New Delhi
Dehradun
Nainital
Pune
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The College of Military Engineering (CME) is located in Pune, Maharashtra. It is a premier technical training institution of the Corps of Engineers of the Indian Army.
CME is affiliated to Jawaharlal Nehru University (JNU), New Delhi, for the award of B.Tech and M.Tech degrees. While affiliated with JNU, its physical location and primary campus are in Pune.
CME trains officers and personnel of the Indian Army and other friendly countries in various engineering disciplines relevant to military operations and infrastructure development.

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14. Who among the following was the first to arrive in Africa as traders t

Who among the following was the first to arrive in Africa as traders that eventually led to European colonization of Africa?

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French
Spanish
Portuguese
Dutch
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The Portuguese were the pioneers of European maritime exploration along the African coast starting in the 15th century. They established trading posts (factories) along the coasts, initially for gold, ivory, and slaves, laying the groundwork for later European involvement and eventual colonization.
Prince Henry the Navigator sponsored voyages down the West African coast, leading to the establishment of trading relationships and posts. By the late 15th century, Vasco da Gama had rounded the Cape of Good Hope, opening up the sea route to India and further expanding Portuguese influence and trade along the East African coast.
While other European powers like the Spanish, Dutch, and French later became significant players in African trade and colonization, the Portuguese were the first to arrive and establish a presence based on maritime trade.

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15. ‘Gandhi Solar Park’ is located at

‘Gandhi Solar Park’ is located at

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New York
Vladivostok
Thimphu
Houston
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The ‘Gandhi Solar Park’ is a rooftop solar park located at the headquarters of the United Nations in New York. It was inaugurated by India during the UN Secretary-General’s Climate Action Summit in September 2019.
The solar park is a gift from India to the United Nations, symbolizing India’s commitment to renewable energy and climate action. It comprises 193 solar panels, representing the 193 member states of the UN.
The project was funded by India and demonstrates the potential of solar energy even in challenging urban environments. It is one of several initiatives undertaken by India to promote renewable energy on a global platform.

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16. The Global Goalkeeper Award is given by

The Global Goalkeeper Award is given by

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the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
the United Nations Environment Programme
the Kellogg School of Management
the World Meteorological Organization
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The Global Goalkeeper Award is presented annually by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation.
These awards recognize individuals and organizations that have made significant progress towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs).
The awards are part of the Foundation’s Goalkeepers campaign, which aims to accelerate progress towards the SDGs and highlight the importance of global cooperation in tackling the world’s biggest challenges like poverty, disease, and inequality.

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17. Which one of the following is India’s official entry for the Best Inte

Which one of the following is India’s official entry for the Best International Feature Film category in the 92nd Academy Awards?

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Bulbul Can Sing
Super Deluxe
Gully Boy
And The Oscar Goes To
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The Indian film ‘Gully Boy’ was selected as the official entry for the Best International Feature Film category at the 92nd Academy Awards.
Directed by Zoya Akhtar, ‘Gully Boy’ is a musical drama film based on the lives of street rappers in Mumbai.
The film starred Ranveer Singh and Alia Bhatt. While it was India’s official entry, it did not receive a nomination in the final shortlist for the award. The 92nd Academy Awards ceremony took place in February 2020.

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18. ‘Naropa’ is an annual festival of

‘Naropa’ is an annual festival of

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Sikkim
Ladakh
Arunachal Pradesh
Nagaland
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‘Naropa’ is a significant annual festival celebrated in Ladakh.
Known as the ‘Kumbh Mela of the Himalayas’, the Naropa festival is a major Buddhist festival celebrated by the Drukpa lineage.
The festival marks the anniversary of the birth of the Indian Buddhist mystic Naropa (1016–1100 CE). Key events include the display of sacred relics, traditional Ladakhi dances, and spiritual teachings. The grand celebration occurs every 12 years, featuring the display of the Six Bone Ornaments of Naropa.

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19. What was the code name given to the first ever tri-service military ex

What was the code name given to the first ever tri-service military exercise between India and USA?

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Lion Triumph
Elephant Triumph
Tiger Triumph
Bison Triumph
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The first-ever tri-service military exercise between India and the USA was codenamed ‘Tiger Triumph’.
The exercise was a Humanitarian Assistance and Disaster Relief (HADR) exercise, demonstrating cooperation between the armies, navies, and air forces of both countries.
The exercise took place in November 2019 in Andhra Pradesh, India. Such tri-service exercises are complex and significant indicators of deepening military cooperation between nations.

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20. The ‘Tattvabodhini Sabha’ was established by

The ‘Tattvabodhini Sabha’ was established by

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Devendranath Tagore in 1839
Keshab Chandra Sen in 1857
Akshay Kumar Datta in 1850
Dwarakanath Tagore in 1840
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The Tattvabodhini Sabha was established by Debendranath Tagore in 1839.
Its objective was to promote a rational and theistic basis for Hinduism, derived from the Upanishads, and to propagate the ideas of the Brahmo Samaj.
The Sabha published the Tattvabodhini Patrika, a journal that played a significant role in disseminating reformist ideas. It was a key institution in the socio-religious reform movement in Bengal and later merged with the Brahmo Samaj. Keshab Chandra Sen joined the Brahmo Samaj much later. Dwarakanath Tagore was Debendranath’s father and a founder of the original Brahmo Sabha. Akshay Kumar Datta was a prominent member and editor of the Patrika.

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