UPSC CBI DSP LDCE

41. Insurance penetration is measured as

Insurance penetration is measured as

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the ratio of insurance premium to population
the percentage of insurance premium to GDP
the percentage of insurance premium to per capita income
the ratio of insurance premium to market capitalization
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The correct answer is B.
– Insurance penetration is a measure of the level of development of the insurance sector in a country.
– It is calculated as the ratio of total insurance premium underwritten in a given year to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) of the country in the same year, expressed as a percentage. This indicates how much of the country’s economic output is spent on insurance premiums.
Another related measure is “insurance density,” which is calculated as the ratio of total insurance premium underwritten in a given year to the total population, indicating the average spending on insurance per person.

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42. Which of the following statements about the National Stock Exchange (N

Which of the following statements about the National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India is/are correct?

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  • 1. It was set up in 1990.
  • 2. It was recognized as a stock exchange by SEBI in 1993 and it commenced its operations in 1994.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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The correct answer is B, meaning only statement 2 is correct.
– Statement 1 is incorrect. The National Stock Exchange (NSE) of India was incorporated in 1992 based on recommendations from the Pherwani Committee report of 1991. While discussions and initial steps might have occurred around 1990, its formal establishment year is 1992.
– Statement 2 is correct. NSE received recognition as a stock exchange from SEBI in April 1993. It commenced operations in the Wholesale Debt Market (WDM) segment in June 1994 and in the Equity segment in November 1994.
NSE was established to bring transparency and efficiency to the Indian capital markets through technology and nationwide access. It was a key reform during the early 1990s liberalization period in India.

43. Which of the following statements about Aramaic language is/are correc

Which of the following statements about Aramaic language is/are correct?

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  • 1. Aramaic is a language related to Hebrew and Arabic.
  • 2. Aramaic language has been used in Ashokan inscriptions.

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1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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The correct answer is C, meaning both statements are correct.
– Statement 1 is correct because Aramaic is a Semitic language, belonging to the same language family as Hebrew and Arabic. They share common linguistic roots and features.
– Statement 2 is correct because some Ashokan inscriptions, particularly those found in the northwestern parts of the Mauryan Empire (like in Kandahar, Afghanistan), were written in Aramaic, or were bilingual using Aramaic alongside Greek or Prakrit. This indicates the presence and official use of Aramaic in certain regions of his empire.
Aramaic was a widely spoken language in the ancient Near East and served as a lingua franca in various empires, including the Persian Empire, which preceded the Mauryan Empire in some northwestern regions. Its presence in Ashokan inscriptions reflects the diverse linguistic and cultural landscape of the Mauryan Empire.

44. Which one of the following statements about Mahapurush Srimanta Sankar

Which one of the following statements about Mahapurush Srimanta Sankardeva is not correct?

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He was the leading proponent of Vaishnavism in Assam.
His teachings are known as 'Bhagavati Dharma'.
One of his major compositions is Bhakti-Ratnakara.
He rejected the traditional Bhakti form of Satsang, the Naam-Kirtan.
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The correct option is D.
Srimanta Sankardeva (1449-1568) was a polymath from Assam who founded the Ekasarana Dharma, a socio-religious movement that spread Vaishnavism in the region.
– Statement A is correct: He is indeed the leading proponent of Vaishnavism in Assam.
– Statement B is correct: His teachings are known as Ekasarana Dharma or Bhagavati Dharma, emphasizing devotion to Lord Krishna/Vishnu based on texts like the Bhagavata Purana.
– Statement C is correct: Bhakti-Ratnakara is one of his important compilations.
– Statement D is incorrect: Srimanta Sankardeva strongly emphasized and developed the practice of Satsang, particularly the congregational chanting of devotional songs and prayers known as Naam-Kirtan. The Naam Ghar (house of names) is a central institution of Ekasarana Dharma.
Sankardeva also introduced Bhaona (religious theatre), Borgeets (devotional songs), Ankia Naat (one-act plays), and contributed significantly to Assamese literature, music, and culture.

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45. Who among the following Bhakti poetesses belonged to Kashmir Valley?

Who among the following Bhakti poetesses belonged to Kashmir Valley?

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Rupa Bhawani
Akka Mahadevi
Janabai
Bahinabai
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The correct option is A.
Rupa Bhawani (1621-1720) was a Kashmiri saint and poetess who is considered a significant figure in the syncretic Kashmiri religious tradition, often linked to the Rishi order and reflecting Bhakti influences.
Akka Mahadevi was a prominent figure of the 12th-century Virashaiva movement in Karnataka. Janabai and Bahinabai were prominent Marathi Bhakti poetesses associated with the Varkari tradition in Maharashtra, living in the 13th and 17th centuries respectively. Lalleshwari (Lal Ded) is another famous earlier Kashmiri poetess-saint (14th century) known for her mystic poetry (Vakhs), preceding Rupa Bhawani.

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46. Who among the following is the author of the famous travel book Rihla?

Who among the following is the author of the famous travel book Rihla?

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Al-Biruni
Ibn Battuta
Seydi Ali Reis
Mahmud Wali Balkhi
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The correct option is B.
Rihla (meaning “The Journey”) is the famous travelogue written by the Moroccan traveller Ibn Battuta. He travelled extensively throughout the Islamic world and beyond in the 14th century, including visiting India during the reign of Muhammad bin Tughlaq.
Al-Biruni was a Persian scholar and polymath who wrote ‘Kitab al-Hind’ (Book of India) in the 11th century. Seydi Ali Reis was an Ottoman admiral and geographer who wrote ‘Mirat ul Memalik’ (Mirror of Countries). Mahmud Wali Balkhi was a Central Asian traveler who visited India in the 17th century.

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47. Who among the following constructed the Kailasanatha Temple at

Who among the following constructed the Kailasanatha Temple at Kanchipuram?

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Simhavishnu
Umadevi
Nandivarman
Narasimhavarman II Rajasimha
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The correct option is D.
The Kailasanatha Temple at Kanchipuram is a famous structural temple built during the reign of the Pallava king Narasimhavarman II, who is also known as Rajasimha (ruled c. 695-722 CE). It is one of the finest examples of Pallava architecture.
Other important Pallava kings include Mahendravarman I (known for rock-cut architecture) and Narasimhavarman I (Mammalla), who built the monolithic rathas and sculptured panels at Mamallapuram.

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48. Who among the following Chola Kings conquered and annexed the

Who among the following Chola Kings conquered and annexed the Maldives?

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Parantaka
Rajaraja
Rajendra
Gandaraditya
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The correct option is B.
Rajaraja I (also known as Rajaraja the Great), who ruled the Chola kingdom between 985 and 1014 CE, was a powerful ruler and naval commander. He significantly expanded the Chola empire through conquests. His military campaigns included the conquest of parts of Sri Lanka, the Chera kingdom, the Pandya kingdom, and the Maldives.
His son, Rajendra I, further expanded the empire, including expeditions to North India and Southeast Asia, but the conquest of the Maldives is attributed to Rajaraja I.

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49. What is the correct chronological sequence of the following ‘periods’

What is the correct chronological sequence of the following ‘periods’ in the Earth’s geological timescale?

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  • 1. Cambrian
  • 2. Carboniferous
  • 3. Cretaceous
  • 4. Devonian

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1-4-2-3
1-2-4-3
1-2-3-4
2-1-3-4
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The correct option is A.
The geological timescale periods mentioned belong to the Phanerozoic Eon. Their correct chronological order from oldest to youngest is:
1. **Cambrian** (Paleozoic Era, starting ~541 million years ago)
2. **Devonian** (Paleozoic Era, ~419 – 359 million years ago)
3. **Carboniferous** (Paleozoic Era, ~359 – 299 million years ago)
4. **Cretaceous** (Mesozoic Era, ~145 – 66 million years ago)
The Paleozoic Era follows the Precambrian and precedes the Mesozoic Era. The order of periods within the Paleozoic is Cambrian, Ordovician, Silurian, Devonian, Carboniferous, Permian. The Mesozoic Era consists of the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous periods.

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50. Subduction zone with reference to plate tectonics is associated with w

Subduction zone with reference to plate tectonics is associated with which of the following plate boundaries?

  • 1. Convergent boundaries
  • 2. Divergent boundaries

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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The correct option is A.
– Subduction zones occur at **convergent plate boundaries** where one tectonic plate slides beneath another plate into the Earth’s mantle. This typically happens when an oceanic plate converges with a continental plate or another oceanic plate.
– Divergent plate boundaries are where plates move apart, leading to the creation of new crust (e.g., mid-ocean ridges). Subduction does not occur at divergent boundaries.
Convergent boundaries can also result in continental collision (e.g., formation of Himalayas) where subduction may not occur or is incomplete. Subduction zones are associated with deep ocean trenches, volcanic arcs, and significant seismic activity.

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