UPSC CBI DSP LDCE

1. Which one of the following is not a factor that causes variations in

Which one of the following is not a factor that causes variations in ‘insolation’?

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Rotation of the Earth on its axis
Angle of inclination of the Sun's rays
Length of the day
Vegetation cover on the Earth's surface
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The correct option is D.
– Rotation of the Earth on its axis causes the daily cycle of day and night, leading to daily variations in insolation received at any point.
– Angle of inclination of the Sun’s rays varies with latitude and season (due to Earth’s tilt), affecting the intensity of insolation received per unit area. Lower angles (higher latitudes/winter) result in less intense insolation.
– Length of the day varies with latitude and season, determining the duration for which insolation is received, thus affecting the total amount of insolation received daily.
– Vegetation cover on the Earth’s surface affects how much of the received insolation is absorbed, reflected (albedo), or used in processes like transpiration. It does **not** affect the amount of insolation arriving from the sun at the top of the atmosphere or at the surface before interaction with the cover.
Factors affecting insolation received from the sun include solar constant, distance from the sun (Earth’s elliptical orbit), angle of incidence of sun’s rays (latitude, season, time of day), length of the day, and atmospheric transparency (clouds, aerosols, gases). Vegetation affects the Earth’s energy balance *after* insolation arrives.

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2. Which one of the following is not an erosional landform?

Which one of the following is not an erosional landform?

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Esker
Pediment
Point bar
Stack
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The correct option is C.
– Esker: A long, winding ridge composed of stratified sand and gravel, deposited by glacial meltwater streams flowing in tunnels within or under a glacier. This is a **depositional** landform.
– Pediment: A broad, gently sloping erosional surface cut into bedrock or thin veneer of alluvium at the foot of a mountain front in arid or semi-arid regions. This is primarily an **erosional** landform.
– Point bar: An alluvial deposit that accumulates on the inside bend of a meandering stream or river. This is a **depositional** landform.
– Stack: A geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock in the sea near a coastline, formed by wave erosion. This is an **erosional** landform.
The question asks which one is *not* an erosional landform. Both Esker and Point bar are depositional landforms and therefore fit this description. Given that only one option can be selected, there might be an issue with the question having two correct answers among the options provided (A and C). However, following standard classifications, both are definitively non-erosional (i.e., depositional). If forced to choose one, or assuming a single correct answer is expected, both A and C represent landforms primarily built by deposition of sediment rather than sculpted by erosion. Without further context or clarification, both A and C are technically correct. Based on a common understanding and prominent examples, both Esker (glacial deposition) and Point Bar (fluvial deposition) are key depositional features.

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3. Consider the following statements: 1. The point where energy is rele

Consider the following statements:

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  • 1. The point where energy is released is called hypocentre.
  • 2. The point on the surface nearest to the focus is called epicentre.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

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1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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The correct option is C.
– Statement 1 is correct: The hypocentre (also known as the focus) is the point within the Earth where an earthquake rupture starts and energy is released.
– Statement 2 is correct: The epicentre is the point on the Earth’s surface directly above the hypocentre (focus), and it is usually the point where the earthquake effects are strongest. It is indeed the point on the surface nearest to the focus.
Seismic waves radiate outwards from the hypocentre. The intensity of the earthquake is typically highest near the epicentre.

4. Which one among the following was initiated by Jyotiba Phule?

Which one among the following was initiated by Jyotiba Phule?

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Satyashodhak Samaj
Jat-Pat Todak Mandal
Justice Party
Harijan Sevak Sangh
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The correct option is A) Satyashodhak Samaj. Jyotiba Phule (also known as Mahatma Phule) was a prominent social reformer from Maharashtra. He founded the Satyashodhak Samaj (Truth-Seekers’ Society) in 1873 with the aim of achieving equal social and economic status for women, Shudras, and Dalits, and opposing the dominance of the Brahminical caste system.
– Jyotiba Phule founded the Satyashodhak Samaj in 1873.
– The Samaj worked for the upliftment of marginalized sections, especially women and lower castes.
Jyotiba Phule and his wife Savitribai Phule were pioneers in promoting education for women and girls in India, opening one of the first schools for girls in Pune in 1848. He is considered a key figure in the social reform movement against caste and gender inequality in India.

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5. Vaikom Movement was associated with which one of the following issues?

Vaikom Movement was associated with which one of the following issues?

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Land rights of the peasants of Kerala
Temple entry struggle in Kerala
Rights of fishing community in Karnataka
Genetically modified crop cultivation in Tamil Nadu
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The correct option is B) Temple entry struggle in Kerala. The Vaikom Movement (Vaikom Satyagraha) took place in 1924-1925 in Travancore (present-day Kerala). It was a non-violent agitation for the right of ‘untouchables’ to use the roads around the Vaikom Mahadeva Temple, which were restricted to upper castes. It was a pioneering movement in the broader struggle for temple entry rights and against caste-based discrimination and untouchability in South India.
– Vaikom Movement occurred in Travancore (Kerala).
– It was a protest against restrictions on ‘untouchables’ using roads around a temple.
– It is considered a key event in the temple entry movement.
Prominent leaders involved included T.K. Madhavan, K.P. Kesava Menon, and George Joseph. Mahatma Gandhi also visited Vaikom and participated in discussions related to the movement. It paved the way for further temple entry movements in Kerala, like the Guruvayoor Satyagraha and the Temple Entry Proclamation of 1936 by the Maharaja of Travancore.

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6. Which of the following statements about the Chipko Movement is/are cor

Which of the following statements about the Chipko Movement is/are correct?

  • 1. It was opposed to the commercial felling of trees in hill areas.
  • 2. It was a non-violent movement.
  • 3. It supported construction of dams in hilly regions.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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1 and 2 only
1, 2 and 3
2 and 3 only
1 only
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The correct option is A) 1 and 2 only. Let’s evaluate the statements:
1. It was opposed to the commercial felling of trees in hill areas: Correct. The Chipko movement began as a protest against the practice of clear-felling forests for commercial purposes by outside contractors, which threatened the ecological balance and the livelihoods of local communities dependent on forests.
2. It was a non-violent movement: Correct. The core tactic of the movement was hugging trees (Chipko means ‘to stick’ or ‘to hug’) to prevent them from being cut, employing non-violent resistance methods championed by figures like Gaura Devi and Chandi Prasad Bhatt.
3. It supported construction of dams in hilly regions: Incorrect. The Chipko movement and subsequent environmental activism in the Himalayas generally opposed large-scale development projects like big dams and mining, recognizing their potential for environmental damage and displacement in the fragile Himalayan ecosystem.
– Chipko movement opposed commercial logging.
– It was a non-violent movement where people hugged trees.
– Environmental movements in the region often opposed large infrastructure projects like dams.
The Chipko movement gained prominence in the 1970s in the Uttarakhand region (then part of Uttar Pradesh). It is seen as a precursor to many environmental movements in India and around the world. Sunderlal Bahuguna was a prominent leader who popularized the movement’s message.

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7. Which of the following statements about the Arya Samaj is/are correct?

Which of the following statements about the Arya Samaj is/are correct?

  • 1. It did not support idol worship.
  • 2. It was against hereditary trans-mission of caste.
  • 3. It actively worked for the passage of the Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act, 1856.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

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2 only
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
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The correct option is B) 1 and 2 only. Let’s evaluate the statements:
1. It did not support idol worship: Correct. Swami Dayanand Saraswati and the Arya Samaj were staunch opponents of idol worship, ritualism, and polytheism, advocating a return to the pure monotheistic teachings of the Vedas.
2. It was against hereditary trans-mission of caste: Correct. Arya Samaj rejected the caste system based on birth and advocated for a varna system based on merit and actions, opposing the rigid hereditary caste distinctions.
3. It actively worked for the passage of the Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act, 1856: Incorrect. The Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act was passed in 1856, while the Arya Samaj was founded much later in 1875. Although the Arya Samaj later championed social reforms including widow remarriage, it did not work for the passage of this specific Act. Prominent figures like Ishwar Chandra Vidyasagar were instrumental in the efforts leading to the 1856 Act.
– Arya Samaj opposed idol worship and caste by birth.
– Arya Samaj was founded in 1875, after the 1856 Hindu Widows’ Remarriage Act.
Arya Samaj played a significant role in the Indian reform movement, advocating for social reforms, education, and a revival of Vedic ideals. It also initiated the Shuddhi movement, which aimed to convert people back to Hinduism.

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8. What is the name of the Indian community newspaper that is written, ed

What is the name of the Indian community newspaper that is written, edited, produced, marketed and distributed by Indian women since early 2000s?

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Kalantar
Usha Kirana
Uttara Mahila Patrika
Khabar Lahariya
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The correct option is D) Khabar Lahariya. Khabar Lahariya is a unique rural news initiative in India, founded in 2002, that is written, edited, produced, marketed, and distributed entirely by rural women, primarily from marginalized communities. It started as a weekly newspaper and has since evolved into a digital news platform, reporting from various states in local languages and dialects, often covering issues overlooked by mainstream media.
– Khabar Lahariya is a rural newspaper initiative.
– It is run entirely by women from early 2000s.
– It reports on local issues, often from a feminist perspective.
Khabar Lahariya is known for empowering women journalists from rural backgrounds and providing news coverage from grassroots levels, often focusing on social justice, gender equality, and political accountability. It has gained international recognition for its work.

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9. The Headquarters of the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Te

The Headquarters of the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is located in

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Colombo
Bangkok
New Delhi
Dhaka
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The correct option is D) Dhaka. The permanent Secretariat of the Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation (BIMSTEC) is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh. It was established in 2014.
– BIMSTEC stands for Bay of Bengal Initiative for Multi-Sectoral Technical and Economic Cooperation.
– Its Headquarters/Secretariat is located in Dhaka, Bangladesh.
BIMSTEC is an international organisation of seven member states in the littoral and adjacent areas of the Bay of Bengal constituting a contiguous regional unity. The member states are Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka, and Thailand.

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10. Who among the following was the Chairman of the Committee constituted

Who among the following was the Chairman of the Committee constituted by SEBI in April 2022 to review and make recommendations for further strengthening of governance norms at market infrastructure institutions?

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G. Mahalingam
Sandip Bhagat
Uttam Bagri
J. N. Gupta
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The correct option is A) G. Mahalingam. In April 2022, the Securities and Exchange Board of India (SEBI) constituted an ad-hoc committee to review the governance norms at Market Infrastructure Institutions (MIIs) like stock exchanges, clearing corporations, and depositories. This committee was chaired by Shri G. Mahalingam, a former Whole-Time Member of SEBI.
– SEBI committee in April 2022 reviewed governance norms for MIIs.
– The committee was chaired by G. Mahalingam.
The review was undertaken in the context of various developments and incidents related to governance lapses at MIIs, aiming to suggest measures for further strengthening the governance structure and accountability.

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