UPSC CBI DSP LDCE Archives

21. Which of the following is not among the conditions ideal for inversion

Which of the following is not among the conditions ideal for inversion of temperature?

A long winter night

Clear skies

Still air

Low air pressure near the ground surface

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CBI DSP LDCE – 2023

Download PDF Attempt Online

Low air pressure near the ground surface is not an ideal condition for temperature inversion; rather, it is generally associated with conditions that prevent inversion.

Temperature inversion is a meteorological phenomenon where temperature increases with increasing altitude, contrary to the usual decrease. Conditions ideal for inversion are typically associated with stable atmospheric conditions that prevent vertical mixing:
1. **Long Winter Night:** Allows for maximum radiative cooling of the ground surface.
2. **Clear Skies:** Clouds absorb and re-emit outgoing radiation, reducing surface cooling. Clear skies allow for efficient outgoing terrestrial radiation and cooling of the ground and the air directly above it.
3. **Still Air:** Wind facilitates mixing of air layers, which disrupts the formation of an inversion layer. Calm or still air allows cold, dense air to accumulate near the surface.
4. **Snow Cover:** A snow-covered surface is an excellent radiator and reflector, enhancing cooling.
5. **Topography:** Valleys and low-lying areas can trap cold air, leading to strong inversions.

Low air pressure near the ground surface is generally associated with rising air (cyclonic conditions) which promotes mixing and instability, opposing the conditions needed for inversion. High pressure is typically associated with sinking air and stable conditions, which favour inversions.

Surface temperature inversions often occur on clear, calm nights when the ground cools rapidly through radiation. The air in contact with the ground cools more than the air above it, leading to the inversion. Inversions can trap pollutants near the surface, leading to reduced air quality.

22. What is the name given to a tropical cyclone in the Western Pacific?

What is the name given to a tropical cyclone in the Western Pacific?

Cyclone

Hurricane

Typhoon

Willy-Willy

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CBI DSP LDCE – 2023

Download PDF Attempt Online

In the Western Pacific, a tropical cyclone is called a Typhoon.

Tropical cyclones are given different names depending on the region where they form:
– **Cyclone:** Used in the North Indian Ocean (Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea) and the South Pacific/Indian Ocean.
– **Hurricane:** Used in the Atlantic Ocean, Northeast Pacific Ocean, and South Pacific east of the International Date Line.
– **Typhoon:** Used in the Northwest Pacific Ocean, west of the International Date Line.
– **Willy-Willy:** An informal term sometimes used for tropical cyclones off the northwest coast of Australia.

Despite the different names, they are all the same meteorological phenomenon: a rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, strong winds, and heavy rainfall, fueled by the heat released when moist air rises and condenses.

23. Which of the following relating to the formation of tropical cyclone i

Which of the following relating to the formation of tropical cyclone is/are correct?

Large sea surface with temperature above 27 °C
Presence of Coriolis force
Upper convergence over the sea level system

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 and 2

1 and 3

2 and 3

3 only

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CBI DSP LDCE – 2023

Download PDF Attempt Online

The correct conditions for the formation of a tropical cyclone among the given options are large sea surface temperature above 27 °C and the presence of Coriolis force.

Tropical cyclones require several key conditions to form and intensify:
1. **Warm Sea Surface Temperature:** The ocean surface must be at least 26.5-27 °C (80 °F) down to a depth of at least 50 meters. This provides the latent heat and moisture necessary to fuel the storm.
2. **Coriolis Force:** This force is necessary to initiate the rotation of the air mass around a low-pressure center. It is negligible near the equator, which is why tropical cyclones do not typically form within about 5 degrees latitude of the equator.
3. **Pre-existing Low-Pressure System:** A weak low-pressure area or disturbance is needed as a starting point.
4. **Moist Air:** Sufficient moisture in the atmosphere is required to support the convective development.
5. **Low Vertical Wind Shear:** Wind speed and direction should not change significantly with height. High wind shear can disrupt the storm’s structure.
6. **Upper-Level Divergence:** Air must be diverging aloft above the surface low-pressure system. This allows the rising air in the thunderstorm activity to ventilate and supports further upward motion and intensification. The third statement mentions *upper convergence*, which is contrary to the required condition of *upper divergence*.

The formation process involves the release of latent heat when water vapor condenses, which warms the surrounding air, making it less dense and causing it to rise. This rising air reduces pressure at the surface, drawing in more moist air, creating a feedback loop that fuels the storm. The Coriolis force causes the inflowing air to rotate counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere.

24. Who among the following succeeded Lala Hardayal as the Secretary of th

Who among the following succeeded Lala Hardayal as the Secretary of the Ghadar Party?

Bhai Santokh Singh

Sohan Singh Bhakna

Ram Nath Puri

Taraknath Das

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CBI DSP LDCE – 2023

Download PDF Attempt Online

Bhai Santokh Singh succeeded Lala Hardayal as a prominent figure and Secretary of the Ghadar Party after Hardayal’s arrest and departure.

Lala Hardayal was a key leader and the first General Secretary of the Ghadar Party. Following his arrest in March 1914 and subsequent departure from the United States, the leadership roles evolved. Bhai Santokh Singh was an important leader and figure within the party who took on significant responsibilities, including serving as Secretary, in the period after Hardayal left. Sohan Singh Bhakna was the founding President of the Hindi Association (Ghadar Party). Ram Nath Puri and Taraknath Das were also associated with Indian revolutionary activities abroad but were not Hardayal’s direct successor as Secretary in the central leadership structure of the Ghadar Party in the way Santokh Singh was.

The Ghadar Party was founded by Punjabi Indians, primarily Sikhs, living in North America with the aim of overthrowing British rule in India through armed revolution. Its headquarters were in San Francisco, and it published the journal “Ghadar”.

25. Which one of the following measures was not a consequence of the succe

Which one of the following measures was not a consequence of the successful Champaran Satyagraha of 1917?

The Sharabeshi rent was reduced by 26 percent

The Abwabs were declared illegal

The Thekedari system was allowed to continue as it was

The Tawan, a fine on peasants, was abolished

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CBI DSP LDCE – 2023

Download PDF Attempt Online

While the Champaran Satyagraha brought significant reforms ending exploitative practices, it did not necessarily result in the complete abolition of the Thekedari system itself, although the practices of thekedars related to indigo were curtailed.

The Champaran Satyagraha led to the setting up of the Champaran Agrarian Enquiry Committee, whose recommendations were embodied in the Champaran Agrarian Act, 1917. As a direct consequence, the Tinkathia system was abolished, the Sharabeshi rent increase was reduced (typically stated as a 25% refund on illegal increases, effectively reducing the rent burden), Abwabs (illegal cesses) were declared illegal, and Tawan (fines for not planting indigo) was abolished. The Thekedari system was a system of land leasing and management, often involving European planters as thekedars (lessees of land revenue from zamindars), under which the exploitative indigo cultivation took place. While the Act dismantled the *exploitative indigo system* and curtailed the *power* of thekedars/planters, it did not abolish the Thekedari system itself as a land tenure arrangement. Therefore, statement C, that the Thekedari system was allowed to continue as it was, is the most accurate description of a measure *not* resulting from the Satyagraha, as the Satyagraha’s focus was on the *abuses* associated with indigo planting under this system, not the system’s structure itself.

The success at Champaran was Mahatma Gandhi’s first Satyagraha movement in India and a major victory against exploitative colonial economic practices. It demonstrated the effectiveness of non-violent civil disobedience in mobilizing peasants and achieving concrete reforms.

26. The first session of the All India Hindu Mahasabha, founded at the ini

The first session of the All India Hindu Mahasabha, founded at the initiative of Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya and Lala Lajpat Rai, was held in

1915

1920

1922

1923

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CBI DSP LDCE – 2023

Download PDF Attempt Online

The first session of the All India Hindu Mahasabha was held in 1915.

The All India Hindu Mahasabha was formally established and held its first session in 1915 at Haridwar, during the Kumbh Mela. Although informal groups advocating for Hindu interests existed earlier, 1915 is considered the year of its formal founding as an all-India body. Pandit Madan Mohan Malaviya was one of the key figures instrumental in its establishment.

The Hindu Mahasabha emerged in response to political developments and communal concerns, aiming to protect and promote Hindu interests. Early leaders included Madan Mohan Malaviya, Lala Lajpat Rai, and later figures like V. D. Savarkar.

27. Which one of the following statements about the Indian Association of

Which one of the following statements about the Indian Association of 1876 is not correct?

It aimed at creating strong public opinion in the country on political questions and the unification of Indian people under a common political programme.

It did not charge any membership fee from the poorer people.

Branches were opened in the towns and villages of Bengal and in many towns outside Bengal.

It was led by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose.

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CBI DSP LDCE – 2023

Download PDF Attempt Online

While the Indian Association aimed for broad membership, it did charge a nominal membership fee, particularly from ordinary members, even if it was low to accommodate poorer sections.

The Indian Association, founded by Surendranath Banerjee and Ananda Mohan Bose in 1876, was a prominent pre-Congress nationalist organization. Statement A is correct; its objectives included mobilizing public opinion and promoting Indian unity. Statement D is correct regarding its leaders. Statement C is correct; it established branches widely to increase its reach. Statement B is incorrect in stating it charged *no* membership fee from the poorer people. While it aimed to be accessible and had a very low fee (e.g., 4 annas per year), it did have a fee structure. This nominal fee distinguished it from some earlier, more elite associations and helped broaden its base, but it didn’t literally charge *no* fee from all poor people.

The Indian Association played a significant role in various nationalist agitations, including the agitation against the reduction of the maximum age for appearing in the Indian Civil Service examination and the protest against the Vernacular Press Act. It was one of the predecessors of the Indian National Congress.

28. Which one among the following is a Neolithic site?

Which one among the following is a Neolithic site?

Adichanallur

Hallur

Brahmagiri

Kurnool

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CBI DSP LDCE – 2023

Download PDF Attempt Online

Hallur is a well-known archaeological site with significant Neolithic period findings in South India.

Hallur, located in Karnataka, is a key site for understanding the South Indian Neolithic and transition to the Iron Age. Archaeological excavations at Hallur have revealed evidence of Neolithic settlements, including pottery, tools, and agricultural practices. Adichanallur (Tamil Nadu) is predominantly an Iron Age burial site. Brahmagiri (Karnataka) is also a multi-period site with evidence from the Neolithic-Chalcolithic and Iron Age, making it a valid Neolithic site as well. Kurnool district (Andhra Pradesh) is famous for prehistoric cave sites yielding rich evidence of Paleolithic and Mesolithic periods, not primarily known as a major Neolithic site. Given the options and the typical emphasis in studies, Hallur is strongly associated with the Neolithic period in South India.

Neolithic sites in South India are characterized by the development of settled life, agriculture (millets, pulses), domestication of animals (cattle, sheep, goat), and the use of ground stone tools and pottery. Other important South Indian Neolithic sites include Utnur, Kodekal, Piklihal, Maski, and Tekkalakota.

29. Which one of the following is not a bottom relief of the Indian Ocean?

Which one of the following is not a bottom relief of the Indian Ocean?

Chagos Ridge

Amsterdam-St. Paul Ridge

Somali Basin

Philippine Trench

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CBI DSP LDCE – 2023

Download PDF Attempt Online

The Philippine Trench is a major feature of the Pacific Ocean floor, not the Indian Ocean.

The Chagos Ridge is a submarine ridge system located in the central Indian Ocean. The Amsterdam-St. Paul Ridge is part of the Southeast Indian Ridge, a divergent plate boundary in the Indian Ocean. The Somali Basin is a significant abyssal plain located in the western Indian Ocean, off the coast of Somalia. The Philippine Trench, also known as the Mindanao Trench, is a trench located in the western North Pacific Ocean, east of the Philippines.

The Indian Ocean floor features various ridges, basins, plateaus, and trenches, including the Ninety East Ridge, the Central Indian Ridge, the Mid-Indian Ridge, the Sunda Trench (Java Trench), and several abyssal plains like the Somali Basin and the Central Indian Basin. Trenches are typically found at convergent plate boundaries where one tectonic plate subducts beneath another.

30. Consider the following statements with respect to ‘tides’: 1. The ti

Consider the following statements with respect to ‘tides’:

1. The tidal bulges on wide continental shelves have greater height.
2. When tides are channeled between islands, they are called tidal currents.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CBI DSP LDCE – 2023

Download PDF Attempt Online

Both statements accurately describe phenomena related to tides: tidal bulges are amplified on wide continental shelves, and channeled tidal flows are called tidal currents.

Statement 1 is correct: As a tidal wave moves from the deep ocean onto a wide, shallow continental shelf, the decrease in water depth causes the wave height (and thus the tidal range) to increase due to a phenomenon called shoaling. The wide expanse of the shelf allows the tidal bulge to build up laterally. Statement 2 is correct: Tidal currents are the horizontal movement of water associated with the rise and fall of the tide. When these tidal flows are forced through narrow passages, such as between islands or in channels, their speed and strength increase, hence they are referred to as tidal currents, often becoming quite strong in these constricted areas.

The maximum height of tides is influenced by factors like the shape of the coastline, the depth of the water, and the configuration of bays and estuaries. Tidal currents are a significant force in coastal environments, affecting sedimentation, erosion, and navigation.