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On April 13, 1919, the Jallianwala Bagh massacre took place in Amritsar, Punjab, which is remembered as a tragic event and a symbol of the atrocities committed against the Indian people during the British colonial era. The massacre played a significant role in Indias fight for independence, as it increased the nations determination to achieve self-rule and break free from

British subjugation

Jallianwala Bagh Massacre Day 2023 marks 104 years since the tragic incident that is seen as a turning point in Indian HISTORY. It was this that led to Gandhis full commitment to the cause of Indian nationalism and independence from Britain

The Urja Ganga pipeline project has taken the benefit of lower natural gas prices to the hinterland, a move that will help expand adoption of the cleaner fuel and help upcountry small towns and cities breathe easy.
The reduction in CNG (compressed natural gas) and PNG (piped natural

gas) prices by state-run GAIL has brought benefit of Rs 5-7 to consumers in 20 towns and cities in the hinterland that now have access to the cleaner fuel because of the flagship project envisaging laying 3,384 km of pipeline to connect Uttar Pradesh, Odisha, Bihar, Jharkhand, West Bengal and Assam to national gas grid.

The project has two components. The first is laying a 2,655 km pipeline connectingJagdishpurin UP, Haldia in West Bengal, Bokaro in Jharkhand andDhamrain Odisha. The second element is a 729km pipeline linking Bihars Barauni and Guwahati. The project has been commissioned till Barauni.

Over 38,000 km of national highway (NH) stretches are under construction across states with an of nearly Rs 8. 24 lakh crore, official data show. Around one-third of these projects fall inMaharashtra,Uttar Pradesh,BiharandKarnataka.

According to highway ministrys data, Maharashtra has the maximum of 6,026 km under construction entailing total investment of around Rs 1 lakh crore, followed by UP

(2,527 km), Bihar (2,361 km) and Karnataka (2,318 km) Sources said with so many projects under the implementation stage, the governments focus will be on completion of the ongoing projects during the current financial year, just before the Model Code Of Conduct kicks in for the 2024 general election. They added that a lot of the emphasis will be on completing delayed works.

The railways is also focusing on rolling out more modern trains and taking up station redevelopment and upgradation projects. Works done in roads and railways are the most visible projects.

The Asian (ADB) has announced its plans to invest in non-convertible Debentures valued at Rs 150 crore in Tata Power Delhi Distribution Ltd (TPDDL). The Investment aims to improve Delhis power distribution through grid enhancements. Additionally, ADB has also approved a grant of USD 2 million to assist in the acquisition and integration of a pilot battery energy storage system (BESS). The Manila-based funding institution issued a statement confirming the developments

The proceeds from the senior secured financing will be utilized to establish a new 66/11-kilovolt grid, expand transformers, substations, feeder lines, and switching stations, install smart meters, and replace outdated electrical equipment and meters. In addition, the funding will also contribute to

the development of a groundbreaking 10-megawatt-hour (MWh) battery energy storage system (BESS), which will be the first of its kind in South Asia when it comes to the distribution transformer level

The DRDO has developed advanced Chaff Technology to protect the naval ships from enemy missile attacks. Highlights:

The Defense Laboratory Jodhpur (DLJ) of DRDO (Defense Research and Development Organization) Laboratories has indigenously developed three variants of the technology- Short Range Chaff Rocket (SRCR), Medium Range

Chaff Rocket (MRCR) and Long Range Chaff Rocket (LRCR) that meet the requirements of the

INDIAN NAVY.

Chaff is a passive, expendable electronic countermeasure technology used worldwide to protect naval ships from enemy radar and RF (radio frequency) missile seekers.

The Integrated Health Information Platform (IHIP) was launched by the Ministry of Health. Highlights:

IHIP is the next generation highly streamlined version of the Integrated Disease Surveillance Program (IDSP) currently in use.

Among the nations, India is the first country to adopt this advanced disease surveillance system.

It will accommodate the data entry and management of the Indian Disease Surveillance Program.

In addition to tracking the current 33 diseases (compared to the previous 18 diseases), it should also ensure that near real-time data is provided digitally.

It is also the world’s largest online disease monitoring platform.

Deputy CM Manish Sisodia unveiled the Wheel Technology Lab, which is part of the Delhi Technical University (DTU) “Education Reach You” program. Highlights:

The laboratory will provide science education for students and disadvantaged children of Delhi government schools. The minister also unveiled DTUs new classroom complex Pragya Bhawan and the new centre of the design department.

The wheeled laboratory is

a vehicle equipped with 17 computers, two A customized bus with a computer. Televisions, a 3D printer, cameras and ordinary printers will be pulsating in the city to provide educational lectures, tutoring and TEACHING to students, which is part of its expansion plan to guide students in the development of mathematics, science and advanced technology.

The approved the production-linked incentive (PLI) plan for white goods (air conditioners and LED lights) with a budget of Rs. 62.38 billion. Highlights:

The PLI plan for goods manufactured in India will provide companies engaged in the manufacture of air conditioners and LED lights with incentives of 4% to 6% for the incremental sales of goods manufactured in

India within five years.

Entities that enjoy benefits under other government PLI programs. India will not be eligible for this program. It will be implemented as a pan-India plan.

The plan may benefit many global and domestic companies, including many small and medium enterprises.

Western and UN experts say that Iran has provided weapons and support to the Houthis in Yemen during the countrys years of war. Iran denies the post-armed Hus, even though the parts found in the rebel weapons have links to Tehran.

Red Sea: The Red Sea (also the Erythraean Sea) is the sea inlet of the Indian Ocean which is located between Africa and Asia. The connection to the sea passes through the Bab el Mandeb Strait and the Gulf of Aden in the south. To the north are the Sinai Peninsula, the Gulf of Aqaba and the Gulf of Suez (towards the Suez Canal). The Red Sea Rift Valley is part of the Great Rift Valley, on the ocean floor. The salinity of the Red Sea is higher than the world Average, about 4%.

The Ministry of Animal Husbandry under the Ministry of , Livestock and Dairy and the Ministry of AYUSH signed a memorandum of understanding to introduce the concept of Ayurveda and its related disciplines into veterinary medicine. Help establish a regulatory mechanism to use Ayurveda in the field of veterinary medicine. Highlights:

It will also focus on capacity building in related fields through training.

The memorandum of understanding will explore the Marketing possibilities of herbal medicines on a sustainable basis.

It will provide the cultivation, protection and preservation of medicinal Plants.

The cooperation will develop a herbal veterinary

Education program.

It will make farmers and dairy farmers aware of the importance and utilization of herbal veterinarians and the cultivation of herbal medicines. Animal Husbandry in India: According

to the “2021 Economic Survey”, the contribution rate of livestock increased from 24.32% in 2014-15 to 28.63% in 2018-19. According to the 20th Livestock Census, the total stock of livestock in India is 557.8 million. India has the largest livestock Population in the globe.

The International Union for Conservation of Natures () recently categorised the Red Sanders (or Red Sandalwood) again into the endangered category in its Red List.

The species,called Red Sanders, is scientifically called asPterocarpus santalinus.

It is an Indian endemic tree species and its geographical range is restricted to Eastern Ghats.

The species is endemic to a distinct tract of forests in Andhra Pradesh.

It was classified as near threatened in 2018. It was a moment of celebration when species was lifted off from the endangered category since 1997.

25^thNational Youth Festival was

inaugurated by Prime Minister Narendra Modi in Puducherry on the occasion of birth anniversary of Swami Vivekananda.

On the occasion, prime minister highlighted that; world looks at Indias young

demography with hope & faith and India is young in its thoughts & consciousness.

Indias thinking and Philosophy have always accepted change.

Youth have democratic values as well as demographic dividend and India considers the youth as a demographic dividend and development driver.

The festival will be held on January 12 and 13, in virtual mode because of covid-19 pandemic.

Youth festival is being organised with the aim of shaping the minds of Indian youth and transforming them into united force for nation building.

It also aims to bring diverse Indian cultures and integrate them into a united thread of Ek Bharat, Shreshtha Bharat.

The recently provided the developing country tag. This couldnt be accepted by several countries.

The organization has officially not created any definitions for Developed or developing countries. However, when

a tag is provided other countries can challenge the offering. Though, WTO has not provided the definition, two third of its members claim themselves as developing countries. As the members can themselves declare them as developing, China has taken advantage to declare itself as developing. With this, China is trying to widen its dominance in the world trade.

The per capita income of the Chinese in 2020 was 10,435 USD. On the other hand, the per capita income of India was 1,928 USD. India has questioned the Chinese stand based on World Bank Definition of a developing country.

The World Bank classifies the countries into four groups based on the per capita income of the countries. Here are the types based on the per capita income:

Lower Income Countries: 1,0256 USD or less

Lower middle-income countries: 1.026 USD and 3,995 USD

Upper Middle-income countries: 3,996 USD and 12,375 USD

High Income Countries: Greater than 12,375 USD