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Uttarakhand geography Notes for State PSC Exams

Discover the varied geography of Uttarakhand, featuring the majestic Himalayas, dense forests, and serene lakes. Learn about its varied climate, rich biodiversity, and natural resources. Explore how Uttarakhand’s unique landscapes influence its culture, tourism, and economic activities, shaping its distinct regional identity within India.

FAQs on Uttarakhand Geography

What is the geographical location of Uttarakhand?

Uttarakhand is a state located in northern India. It is bordered by Tibet (China) to the north, Nepal to the east, Uttar Pradesh to the south, and Himachal Pradesh to the west.

What are the major rivers in Uttarakhand?

Uttarakhand is home to several major rivers, including:
- Ganges (Ganga): The most sacred river in India, originating at Gangotri glacier.
- Yamuna: A major tributary of the Ganges, originating at Yamunotri glacier.
- Bhagirathi: One of the main headstreams of the Ganges.
- Alaknanda: The other main headstream of the Ganges.
- Mandakini: A tributary of the Alaknanda, known for its association with Kedarnath temple.

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What are the main physiographic divisions of Uttarakhand?

Uttarakhand can be divided into two main physiographic regions:
- The Greater Himalayas: The northernmost part of the state, characterized by high peaks, glaciers, and snowfields.
- The Lesser Himalayas: The southern part of the state, consisting of lower mountains, valleys, and hills.

What is the climate of Uttarakhand?

Uttarakhand experiences a varied climate due to its altitudinal
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variations:
- Subtropical Climate: In the lower altitudes (up to 1,000 meters), summers are hot and humid, while winters are mild.
- Temperate Climate: In the middle altitudes (1,000-2,000 meters), summers are pleasant and winters are cool.
- Alpine Climate: In the higher altitudes (above 2,000 meters), the climate is extremely cold with snow throughout the year.

What are the major natural resources found in Uttarakhand?

Uttarakhand is blessed with rich natural resources, including:
- Forests: The state has extensive forest cover, home to diverse flora and fauna, including rare and endangered species.
- Water Resources: The Himalayan rivers provide ample water for irrigation, hydropower generation, and drinking.
- Minerals: Limestone, magnesite, dolomite, rock phosphate, copper, and gypsum are found in the state.
- Medicinal Plants: The Himalayan region is known for its rich biodiversity of medicinal plants.

What are the major crops grown in Uttarakhand?

The major crops grown in Uttarakhand include:
- Wheat
- Rice
- Maize
- Pulses
- Oilseeds
- Fruits (apples, pears, peaches, apricots)
- Vegetables

What are the major cities in Uttarakhand?

The major cities in Uttarakhand include:
- Dehradun (Capital)
- Haridwar
- Rishikesh
- Nainital
- Mussoorie

What are some important geographical features of Uttarakhand?

Some important geographical features of Uttarakhand include:
- Nanda Devi: The second-highest mountain in India, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
- Valley of Flowers National Park: A UNESCO World Heritage Site, known for its vibrant alpine flowers.
- Jim Corbett National Park: India’s oldest national park, famous for its tigers and other wildlife.
- Gangotri and Yamunotri Glaciers: The sources of the Ganges and Yamuna rivers.
- Char Dham: Four sacred Hindu pilgrimage sites – Yamunotri, Gangotri, Kedarnath, and Badrinath.

What are the main environmental issues facing Uttarakhand?

Uttarakhand faces environmental challenges such as:
- Deforestation: Due to increasing population pressure and developmental activities.
- Natural Disasters: The state is prone to floods, landslides, and earthquakes, posing threats to lives and infrastructure.
- Climate Change: Impacting glaciers, water resources, and biodiversity.

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