The correct answer is C. Photoelectric effect.
The photoelectric effect is the emission of electrons from a metal surface when light is shone on it. This effect was first observed by Heinrich Hertz in 1887, and it was not until 1905 that Albert Einstein was able to explain it using the concept of light quanta, or photons.
Einstein’s explanation of the photoelectric effect won him the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1921. It also provided
strong evidence for the particle nature of light.The other options are all phenomena that can be explained by the wave nature of light.
- Diffraction is the bending of light as it passes through a narrow opening or around an obstacle.
- Interference is the superposition of two or more waves that results in a new wave pattern.
- Polarization is the restriction of light waves to a single plane of vibration.
All of these phenomena can be explained by the wave nature of light. However, the photoelectric effect cannot be explained by the wave nature of light. This is because the photoelectric effect is a quantized effect, meaning that it occurs in discrete steps. This can only be explained if light is made up of particles, or photons.