Which of the following protocol is adopted for interoperability by top three IM service providers?

The correct answer is: C. XMPP

XMPP (Extensible Messaging and Presence Protocol) is an open standard for real-time communication. It is used by many instant messaging (IM) providers, including Google Talk, Facebook Messenger, and WhatsApp. XMPP is also used for other purposes, such as group chat, file transfer, and presence information.

SIP (Session Initiation Protocol) is a signaling protocol used for initiating, maintaining, and terminating multimedia sessions. It is used for voice over IP (VoIP), video conferencing, and instant messaging. SIP is not an open standard, but it is widely supported by vendors.

SIMPLE (Session Initiation Protocol

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