The correct answer is: C. the focus within the body of the earth.
The focus is the point within the earth where the earthquake originates. The epicenter is the point on the surface of the earth directly above the focus. The transverse, longitudinal, and surface waves are all types of seismic waves that travel through the earth during an earthquake. These waves are generated by the sudden release of energy at the focus.
The transverse waves are also known as S waves. They are caused by the shearing of rock along the fault plane. The longitudinal waves are also known as P waves. They are caused by the compression and expansion of rock. The surface waves are caused by the interaction of the P and S waves with the surface of the earth.
The transverse, longitudinal, and surface waves can cause damage to buildings and other structures. They can also cause landslides and tsunamis.