The correct answer is B. spooling.
Spooling is the process of transferring data intended for a peripheral device into a disk (or intermediate store) so that it can be transferred to peripheral at a more convenient time or in bulk.
Multiprogramming is the technique of running multiple programs simultaneously on a single computer.
Caching is the process of storing data in a temporary location so that it can
be accessed more quickly.Virtual programming is a technique that allows multiple programs to share the same physical memory.
E. None of the above is not the correct answer.