The correct answer is C. Frictional force.
Friction is a force that opposes the relative motion of two objects or materials. It is caused by the interaction of the microscopic surface features of the two materials. When the brakes are applied, the brake pads rub against the brake rotors, creating friction. This frictional force slows the vehicle down.
Gravitational force is a force that attracts objects with mass to each
other. It is the force that keeps us on the ground and the Earth in orbit around the Sun. However, gravitational force is not strong enough to stop a moving vehicle.Van der Waals forces are weak attractive forces that exist between molecules. They are caused by the temporary dipoles that can form when electrons are not evenly distributed in a molecule. Van der Waals forces are not strong enough to stop a moving vehicle.
Covalent bonds are strong chemical bonds that form when atoms
share electrons. They are not the type of force that would cause a vehicle to stop.