World and Physical Geography

31. What is the name of the first research station established by the Gove

What is the name of the first research station established by the Government of India for conduct of research at Antarctica?

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Dakshin Gangotri
Uttar Gangotri
Bharati
Maitri
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The first research station established by the Government of India in Antarctica was Dakshin Gangotri.
Dakshin Gangotri was established in 1983 as India’s first permanent base in Antarctica. It was located on the ice shelf but was decommissioned in 1990 due to being submerged in ice and snow.
Following Dakshin Gangotri, India established its second permanent station, Maitri, on a rocky terrain near the Schirmacher Oasis in 1989. India’s third operational research station, Bharati, was commissioned in 2012 near Larsmann Hill.

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32. Which one of the following is the most dominant religion in Thailand i

Which one of the following is the most dominant religion in Thailand in terms of its followers?

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Judaism
Jainism
Buddhism
Christianity
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Buddhism is the most dominant religion in Thailand.
The vast majority of the population in Thailand practices Theravada Buddhism. It is deeply integrated into the culture and daily life of the country.
While other religions are practiced in Thailand, including Islam, Christianity, and Hinduism, Buddhism accounts for approximately 95% of the population, making it overwhelmingly dominant.

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33. Which one of the following countries is known as the “Land of a Thousa

Which one of the following countries is known as the “Land of a Thousand Lakes” ?

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Denmark
Finland
The Netherlands
Poland
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Finland is known as the “Land of a Thousand Lakes”.
– Finland is famous for its vast number of lakes, estimated to be around 188,000, covering about 10% of its total area. This characteristic feature gives rise to the nickname “Land of a Thousand Lakes”.
– Denmark is known for its coastline and islands.
– The Netherlands is famous for its polders (reclaimed land) and canals, but not for numerous large natural lakes.
– Poland also has many lakes, particularly in the Masurian Lake District, but the nickname is most strongly associated with Finland.
The numerous lakes in Finland are largely a legacy of the last Ice Age, carved out by glaciers. They are crucial to the country’s geography, ecology, and culture. Other countries known for numerous lakes include Canada and Sweden.

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34. Which of the following cities are associated with ship building? 1. An

Which of the following cities are associated with ship building?
1. Antwerp
2. Trieste
3. Minsk
4. Hamburg
Select the correct answer using the code given below :

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1, 2 and 4 only
1 and 2 only
2, 3 and 4 only
1, 3 and 4 only
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Antwerp, Trieste, and Hamburg are cities associated with shipbuilding.
– Antwerp is a major port city in Belgium with a history and present activity in shipbuilding and ship repair.
– Trieste is a significant port city in Italy on the Adriatic Sea and has a long tradition of shipbuilding.
– Hamburg is Germany’s largest port and a major center for shipbuilding, marine technology, and related industries.
– Minsk is the capital of Belarus, a landlocked country, and is not associated with ocean-going shipbuilding.
Many major port cities worldwide have significant shipbuilding or ship repair industries due to their coastal location and maritime trade activities. Other well-known shipbuilding centers include Busan (South Korea), Shanghai (China), Tokyo (Japan), Rotterdam (Netherlands), and various locations in the USA and UK historically.

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35. Which one of the following is the largest component of the soil system

Which one of the following is the largest component of the soil system ?

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Living organisms
Mineral matters
Soil solution
Soil organic matter
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The correct option is B) Mineral matters.
In a typical mineral soil composition by volume, mineral particles (sand, silt, clay) constitute the largest proportion, usually around 45-50%. Soil solution (water) and soil air each occupy roughly 20-30% of the volume, depending on moisture content. Soil organic matter makes up a much smaller percentage, typically around 5% or less in mineral soils, while living organisms are present in very small quantities compared to the total volume.
The relative proportions of these components can vary greatly depending on the soil type, location, and conditions, but mineral matter is generally the dominant component in terms of volume and mass.

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36. How are the small lakes in Ireland known as ?

How are the small lakes in Ireland known as ?

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Loughs
Bogs
Creeks
Brooks
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Small lakes in Ireland are commonly known as Loughs.
‘Lough’ is a term derived from the Gaelic word for a lake or sea inlet, used extensively in Ireland and Scotland (where it is spelled ‘Loch’).
Bogs are types of wetlands, while creeks and brooks are terms used for small streams or rivers. ‘Lough’ specifically refers to a lake or sometimes a fjord-like sea inlet.

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37. The Aral Sea is situated between

The Aral Sea is situated between

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Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan
Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan and Turkmenistan
Uzbekistan and Tajikistan
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The Aral Sea is located in Central Asia, situated between the countries of Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan.
The Aral Sea is an endorheic lake known for its dramatic shrinkage over the past few decades due to the diversion of its inflowing rivers.
Historically one of the world’s largest lakes, the Aral Sea has reduced significantly in size since the 1960s due to large-scale irrigation projects in the Soviet era, leading to severe environmental, social, and economic consequences.

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38. Which one of the following is not a characteristic of continental shel

Which one of the following is not a characteristic of continental shelves ?

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Sites of productive fishing grounds
Oil and gas reserves
Sites of submarine canyons
Large stores of sand and gravel
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While submarine canyons can cut across continental shelves, they are more characteristic features of continental slopes, not the shelf itself as a defining characteristic.
Continental shelves are gently sloping underwater extensions of continents, known for shallow depths and abundant marine life.
Continental shelves are important for fishing grounds due to their biological productivity and are significant sources of oil and gas reserves. They also accumulate large amounts of sediment, forming stores of sand and gravel. Submarine canyons are steep-sided valleys cut into the seabed.

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39. In which one of the following countries is Tamil an official language

In which one of the following countries is Tamil an official language ?

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Singapore
Indonesia
Malaysia
Thailand
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Tamil is one of the official languages in Singapore.
Singapore has four official languages: English, Malay, Mandarin, and Tamil.
Tamil is also an official language in Sri Lanka and has significant recognition in Malaysia. It is a Dravidian language spoken by the Tamil people of India and the Tamil diaspora.

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40. Which one of the following are the most widespread inorganic pelagic d

Which one of the following are the most widespread inorganic pelagic deposits on the ocean floor?

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Red clay
Radiolarian ooze
Volcanic dust
Calcareous ooze
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Red clay is the most widespread inorganic pelagic deposit on the ocean floor.
Pelagic deposits are deep-sea sediments. Red clay is composed of fine-grained detrital material, volcanic ash, and cosmic dust, accumulating slowly in areas away from continental margins and where biogenic sedimentation is low, typically in the deepest ocean basins.
Radiolarian ooze and calcareous ooze are examples of biogenic pelagic deposits, formed from the remains of marine organisms. Volcanic dust can contribute to red clay but is not the deposit itself.

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