Water Conservation

11. ‘Xeriscaping’ is a concept related to

‘Xeriscaping’ is a concept related to

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landscaping related to save water
landscaping related to save soil erosion
weathering of rock surface
All of the above
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-2 – 2017
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Xeriscaping is a type of landscaping that is designed to reduce or eliminate the need for irrigation, thus conserving water.
The term ‘xeri-‘ comes from the Greek word ‘xeros’, meaning dry. Xeriscaping utilizes drought-tolerant plants, efficient irrigation methods, and careful planning to minimize water usage in landscapes.
The principles of xeriscaping include proper design, soil improvement, efficient irrigation (e.g., drip irrigation), appropriate plant selection, mulching, and proper maintenance. While water conservation is the primary goal, it can also contribute to reducing maintenance costs and sometimes soil erosion.

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12. Which one of the following methods is not suitable for urban rainwater

Which one of the following methods is not suitable for urban rainwater harvesting?

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Rooftop recharge pit
Recharge wells
Gully plug
Recharge trench
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2019
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Rainwater harvesting methods suitable for urban areas typically involve collecting rainwater from rooftops or paved surfaces and either storing it or using it to recharge groundwater. Rooftop recharge pits, recharge wells, and recharge trenches are all methods designed for these urban environments. A gully plug, however, is a small structure built across a gully (a small valley or erosion channel) to prevent soil erosion and promote infiltration. These are typically used in rural or semi-arid areas with natural terrain and gullies, not in developed urban settings with managed drainage systems.
– Urban rainwater harvesting focuses on collecting runoff from buildings and paved areas.
– Rooftop recharge pits, recharge wells, and recharge trenches are common urban techniques for collection and groundwater recharge.
– Gully plugs are erosion control structures used in natural or agricultural landscapes.
Urban areas have unique challenges for rainwater harvesting, such as limited open space, high population density, and existing infrastructure like storm drains. Methods must be adaptable to these conditions. Gully plugs are designed for managing surface runoff in unpaved environments to control erosion, which is not the primary goal or suitable application in most urban areas.

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