Respiratory System

1. Which one among the following animals can perform respiration either t

Which one among the following animals can perform respiration either through gills or through lungs ?

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Fish
Frog
Snake
Cow
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CISF-AC-EXE – 2021
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Amphibians, like frogs, typically undergo metamorphosis. Their larval stage (tadpole) is usually aquatic and respires through gills. The adult stage is often terrestrial or semi-aquatic and respires primarily through lungs and also through their moist skin. Fish respire only through gills. Snakes (reptiles) and Cows (mammals) respire only through lungs.
Respiration is the process of gas exchange (oxygen intake and carbon dioxide release). Different animals have evolved various respiratory organs depending on their environment. Gills are specialized structures for extracting oxygen from water, while lungs are adapted for gas exchange in air. Amphibians exhibit a dual mode of respiration, reflecting their transition from aquatic to terrestrial life.
The ability to respire through both gills and lungs is characteristic of the life cycle of many amphibians. Besides gills and lungs, cutaneous respiration (through the skin) is also significant in adult frogs, contributing substantially to their overall gas exchange, especially when submerged.

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2. During respiration in human beings, the actual place of gaseous exchan

During respiration in human beings, the actual place of gaseous exchange is

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Bronchi
Nasal passage
Alveoli
Trachea
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2020
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The actual place of gaseous exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) in the human respiratory system is the alveoli.
Alveoli are tiny air sacs in the lungs where the thin walls of the alveoli and surrounding capillaries allow for efficient diffusion of gases between the air and the blood.
Bronchi and trachea are airways that conduct air to and from the lungs but are not primarily sites of gas exchange. The nasal passage is involved in filtering, warming, and humidifying inhaled air.

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3. How do marine animals survive in water without air contact?

How do marine animals survive in water without air contact?

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They do not require any oxygen
They take oxygen from water
They only produce oxygen in their body
They get oxygen from water plants
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2012
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The correct answer is B) They take oxygen from water.
Marine animals, like most living organisms, require oxygen for respiration. They do not obtain it directly from the air like terrestrial animals do. Instead, they extract dissolved oxygen from the water using specialized respiratory organs, such as gills.
Option A is incorrect because marine animals do require oxygen. Option C is incorrect as they obtain oxygen from their environment, not solely produce it. Option D is partially correct in that water plants contribute to dissolved oxygen, but the animals directly take the oxygen dissolved *in* the water, regardless of its source (atmosphere or photosynthesis).

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4. Aquatic animals breathe much faster than terrestrial animals because o

Aquatic animals breathe much faster than terrestrial animals because of :

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low amount of dissolved oxygen in water
low amount of hemoglobin in their blood
high metabolic rate of aquatic animals
large amount of dissolved nitrogen in water
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CAPF – 2009
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Aquatic animals breathe dissolved oxygen from water using gills or other specialized structures. The concentration of dissolved oxygen in water is significantly lower (only about 5-10 ml per litre, or 5-10 parts per million) and fluctuates more compared to the concentration of oxygen in air (about 210 ml per litre, or 210 parts per million). To extract sufficient oxygen from this lower concentration, aquatic animals need to process a much larger volume of water, resulting in faster breathing rates compared to terrestrial animals which breathe air with a much higher oxygen concentration.
– Dissolved oxygen levels in water are much lower than oxygen levels in the air.
– Aquatic animals breathe faster to compensate for the lower oxygen concentration in their environment.
Temperature and salinity affect the solubility of oxygen in water; higher temperatures and salinity generally lead to lower dissolved oxygen levels. This can further impact the breathing rates of aquatic animals.

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5. Which one of the following parts of body does NOT take part in the pro

Which one of the following parts of body does NOT take part in the process of breathing ?

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Bronchi
Bowman's capsule
Diaphragm
Trachea
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2018
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The correct answer is B) Bowman’s capsule.
The process of breathing involves the respiratory system, which includes organs like the trachea, bronchi, lungs, and muscles like the diaphragm.
A) Bronchi: Tubes that carry air from the trachea into the lungs; they are part of the respiratory system.
B) Bowman’s capsule: A cup-like structure that surrounds the glomerulus in the nephron of the kidney. It is the site of filtration in the process of urine formation, which is part of the excretory system, *not* the respiratory system.
C) Diaphragm: A large, dome-shaped muscle located at the base of the chest cavity that plays a crucial role in inhalation and exhalation, making it an essential part of the breathing mechanism.
D) Trachea: Also known as the windpipe, it is a tube that connects the larynx (voice box) to the bronchi, allowing the passage of air into the lungs. It is part of the respiratory system.
Therefore, Bowman’s capsule is the only option not involved in breathing.
Breathing involves the movement of air into and out of the lungs (ventilation) to facilitate gas exchange (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the air and the blood. The kidneys, where Bowman’s capsule is located, are primarily involved in filtering waste products from the blood and producing urine.

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