Food Preservation, Nutrition, Medicine, etc.

A patient’s abdomen (alimentary canal) can be examined by X-ray after administering which one of the following metal salts in the patient’s meal ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Barium sulphate” option2=”Barium chloride” option3=”Strontium sulphate” option4=”Magnesium chloride” correct=”option1″]

Barium sulphate is administered to patients for X-ray examination of the alimentary canal. This procedure is commonly known as a barium swallow, barium meal, or barium enema depending on the part being examined.

– Barium sulphate (BaSO4) is a contrast agent used in radiology.
– It is opaque to X-rays, allowing the structure of the digestive tract to be visualized.
– It is used because it is insoluble in water and is not absorbed by the body, making it relatively safe for ingestion or rectal administration despite barium being toxic.

Other barium salts, like barium chloride, are soluble and toxic, and thus cannot be used for this purpose. Barium sulphate is chemically inert and passes through the digestive system without being absorbed.

Consider the following statements about Tincture of Iodine :

• 1. It is an antiseptic solution.
• 2. Iodine is kept in alcohol-water mixture.
• 3. Concentration of iodine is very low.

How many of the above statements is/are correct ?

[amp_mcq option1=”1″ option2=”2″ option3=”3″ option4=”None” correct=”option3″]

All three statements about Tincture of Iodine are correct.
1. It is widely used as an antiseptic solution to disinfect wounds and the skin surface before surgery or injections.
2. Tincture of iodine is traditionally prepared by dissolving iodine (often with potassium iodide or sodium iodide to increase solubility) in a mixture of alcohol (ethanol) and water.
3. The concentration of iodine in tincture of iodine preparations is typically low, ranging from about 2% to 7%. This low concentration is sufficient for its antiseptic effect and minimizes skin irritation.

Tincture of Iodine is an antiseptic solution of iodine in alcohol and water with a low concentration of iodine.

Different concentrations and preparations of iodine solutions exist, including Lugol’s iodine (aqueous solution) and povidone-iodine (an iodophor, where iodine is complexed with a polymer), which are also used as antiseptics or disinfectants. Tincture of iodine is known for its dark brown color.

Which one of the following acids is also known as Vitamin C ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Methanoic acid” option2=”Ascorbic acid” option3=”Lactic acid” option4=”Tartaric acid” correct=”option2″]

Vitamin C is a well-known water-soluble vitamin essential for various bodily functions, including the synthesis of collagen, acting as an antioxidant, and supporting the immune system. Its chemical name is Ascorbic acid.

The question asks for the acid also known as Vitamin C. Among the options provided, Ascorbic acid is the correct chemical name for Vitamin C.

Methanoic acid is also known as formic acid. Lactic acid is produced in muscles and found in sour milk. Tartaric acid is a naturally occurring acid found in grapes and other fruits.

Tincture of iodine is an antiseptic for fresh wounds. It is a dilute solution of elemental iodine, which does not contain

[amp_mcq option1=”water” option2=”acetone” option3=”alcohol” option4=”potassium iodide” correct=”option2″]

The correct answer is acetone.

Tincture of iodine is traditionally a solution of elemental iodine (I₂) and an iodide salt (like potassium iodide, KI) dissolved in alcohol (ethanol) and often with some water. The iodide salt helps to increase the solubility of iodine in the solvent. Acetone is a different solvent (a ketone) and is not a standard component of traditional tincture of iodine. While acetone can be used as a solvent in some antiseptic preparations or for cleaning wounds, it is not typically part of the ‘tincture of iodine’ formulation used as an antiseptic.

The elemental iodine is the primary antiseptic agent in tincture of iodine. The alcohol also has antiseptic properties and helps in the penetration of iodine into tissues. Potassium iodide is added to form triiodide ions (I₃⁻), which are more soluble in water and alcohol than diatomic iodine (I₂), thus increasing the concentration of dissolved iodine available for antiseptic action.

When eggs are heated, the transparent liquid portion around yolk turns solid white. This happens due to the thermal denaturation of

[amp_mcq option1=”fats” option2=”proteins” option3=”ribose sugar” option4=”carbohydrates” correct=”option2″]

B) proteins

– The transparent liquid portion of an egg white primarily consists of proteins, particularly albumen.
– When heat is applied, the proteins undergo a process called denaturation, where their complex structures unfold.
– This unfolding causes the proteins to aggregate and coagulate, transforming the liquid egg white into a solid, opaque mass.
– Fats, ribose sugar, and carbohydrates are also present in eggs, but the solidification upon heating is specifically due to the thermal denaturation of proteins.

– Denaturation is the loss of the three-dimensional structure of a protein or nucleic acid due to stress, such as heat, chemicals, or radiation. In the case of egg white, heat disrupts the bonds holding the protein structure together, leading to irreversible solidification.

Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency causes pernicious anemia. Animals cannot synthesize vitamin B₁₂. Humans must obtain all their vitamin B₁₂ from their diet. The complexing metal ion in vitamin B₁₂ is :

[amp_mcq option1=”Mg²⁺ (Magnesium ion)” option2=”Fe²⁺ (Iron ion)” option3=”Co³⁺ (Cobalt ion)” option4=”Zn²⁺ (Zinc ion)” correct=”option3″]

Vitamin B₁₂ is also known as cobalamin. Its name is derived from the fact that its structure contains a central cobalt atom coordinated within a corrin ring system. The complexing metal ion in vitamin B₁₂ is Cobalt, typically in the Co³⁺ oxidation state.

Vitamin B₁₂ is named cobalamin because it contains a cobalt ion.

Magnesium (Mg²⁺) is found in chlorophyll. Iron (Fe²⁺/Fe³⁺) is found in hemoglobin and myoglobin. Zinc (Zn²⁺) is a cofactor in many enzymes.