Cyclone

11. Consider the following characteristics of a tropical cyclone : 1. A

Consider the following characteristics of a tropical cyclone :

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  • 1. A warm sea temperature of > 26°C
  • 2. High relative humidity of atmosphere at a height of > 700 m
  • 3. Atmospheric instability

The above mentioned characteristics are associated with which one of the following cycles of its development ?

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Formulation and initial stage
Modification stage
Full maturity
Decay
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-2 – 2017
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The characteristics listed are the essential pre-conditions required for the initial formation and development of a tropical cyclone. These include sufficient warm sea surface temperature, high humidity, and atmospheric instability which fuel the convection and low pressure development necessary for cyclogenesis.
– Warm sea temperature (> 26°C) provides the necessary heat and moisture.
– High relative humidity in the lower and mid-troposphere is crucial for cloud formation and thunderstorm development.
– Atmospheric instability allows for vigorous vertical convection, which drives the storm’s development.
Tropical cyclones develop in stages: formation/initial stage, juvenile/modification stage, mature stage, and decay stage. The listed conditions are specific requirements for the *formation* stage, where a tropical disturbance begins to organize and intensify into a tropical depression or storm.

12. Which of the following statements regarding tropical cyclones is/are c

Which of the following statements regarding tropical cyclones is/are correct?
1. These storms develop during the summer and autumn in every tropical ocean except the South Atlantic and eastern South Pacific Oceans.
2. Tropical cyclones that occur in the North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific Oceans are known as typhoons.
3. Tropical cyclones that occur in the Indian and South Pacific Oceans are called cyclones.

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3 only
1 and 2 only
1 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2024
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Statement 1 and Statement 3 are correct.
Tropical cyclones develop in most tropical oceans during the summer and autumn seasons, with the exception of the South Atlantic and southeastern South Pacific Oceans, where conditions are generally not conducive. These storms are given different regional names: ‘hurricanes’ in the North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific, ‘typhoons’ in the western North Pacific, and ‘cyclones’ in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific.
Statement 1 is correct because while conditions for tropical cyclone formation exist in many tropical oceans, they are typically absent in the South Atlantic (due to wind shear) and the eastern South Pacific (due to cold water and wind shear). Statement 2 is incorrect as typhoons occur in the western North Pacific; hurricanes occur in the North Atlantic and eastern North Pacific. Statement 3 is correct as the term ‘cyclone’ is used in the Indian Ocean and South Pacific.

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13. Which of the following statements regarding cyclones and anti-cyclones

Which of the following statements regarding cyclones and anti-cyclones is/are correct ?

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  • 1. In the Northern Hemisphere, cyclones rotate counter clockwise and anticyclones rotate clockwise.
  • 2. Cyclones are often associated with cloudy or rainy weather, whereas anticyclones are often associated with fair weather.
  • 3. In the Southern Hemisphere, the cyclonic spiral will be clockwise because the Coriolis force acts to the left.

Select the answer using the code given below :

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1 only
1 and 2 only
2 and 3 only
1, 2 and 3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2024
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Statements 1, 2, and 3 are correct.
Statement 1 is correct. In the Northern Hemisphere, the Coriolis effect deflects moving objects (like air) to the right. Air flows inwards towards a low-pressure system (cyclone), and this deflection causes it to rotate counter-clockwise. Air flows outwards from a high-pressure system (anticyclone), and this deflection causes it to rotate clockwise. Statement 2 is correct. Cyclones are areas of low pressure where air converges and rises, leading to cooling, condensation, cloud formation, and precipitation. Anticyclones are areas of high pressure where air diverges and sinks, leading to warming and dissipation of clouds, resulting in fair, stable weather. Statement 3 is correct. In the Southern Hemisphere, the Coriolis effect deflects moving objects to the left. Therefore, air flowing inwards towards a low-pressure system (cyclone) is deflected to the left, resulting in clockwise rotation.
The Coriolis effect is zero at the equator and increases towards the poles. Cyclones and anticyclones do not typically form near the equator.

14. Which one of the following can be said to be essentially related to ‘P

Which one of the following can be said to be essentially related to ‘Polar Front Theory’ ?

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Anticyclone
Tropical Cyclone
Temperate Cyclone
Inter Tropical Convergence
This question was previously asked in
UPSC NDA-1 – 2019
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The ‘Polar Front Theory’, also known as the Norwegian Cyclone Model, was developed by Norwegian meteorologists around World War I. It describes the formation and life cycle of temperate cyclones (also called mid-latitude cyclones or extratropical cyclones). The theory posits that these cyclones form along the polar front, the boundary between cold polar air and warm subtropical air masses, through a process of wave development and cyclogenesis.
The Polar Front Theory provides a model explaining the formation and evolution of temperate cyclones.
Anticyclones are high-pressure systems associated with clear weather. Tropical cyclones form over warm tropical oceans. The Inter Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ) is a belt of low pressure near the equator where trade winds converge, associated with tropical weather systems, not temperate cyclones.

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15. Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code

Match List I with List II and select the correct answer using the code given below the lists :

List I List II
A. Cyclones 1. Western Australia
B. Hurricanes 2. South China Sea
C. Typhoons 3. Indian Ocean
D. Willy-willies 4. Atlantic Ocean

Code :

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A-3, B-2, C-4, D-1
A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1
A-1, B-4, C-2, D-3
A-1, B-2, C-4, D-3
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2021
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Matching the local names of tropical cyclones with their regions:
A. Cyclones – Tropical cyclones in the Indian Ocean are generally called Cyclones. (3. Indian Ocean)
B. Hurricanes – Tropical cyclones in the Atlantic Ocean are called Hurricanes. (4. Atlantic Ocean)
C. Typhoons – Tropical cyclones in the western Pacific Ocean and South China Sea are called Typhoons. (2. South China Sea)
D. Willy-willies – Tropical cyclones off the coast of Western Australia are sometimes called Willy-willies. (1. Western Australia)
The correct code is A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1.
Tropical cyclones are known by different regional names depending on the ocean basin where they originate.
Examples of other regional names include ‘Bagyo’ in the Philippines and ‘severe cyclonic storm’ in the North Indian Ocean classification.

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16. Which one of the following may be the true characteristic of cyclones?

Which one of the following may be the true characteristic of cyclones?

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Temperate cyclones move from west to east with westerlies whereas tropical cyclones follow trade winds.
The front side of cyclone is known as the 'eye of cyclone'.
Cyclones possess a centre of high pressure surrounded by closed isobars.
Hurricanes are well-known tropical cyclones which develop over mid-latitudes.
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2019
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The correct answer is A. Temperate cyclones (also known as extra-tropical cyclones or mid-latitude cyclones) typically move from west to east under the influence of the prevailing westerlies in the mid-latitudes. Tropical cyclones (like hurricanes and typhoons) form over warm tropical oceans and are generally steered by the trade winds, which move from east to west in the tropics.
Temperate cyclones follow westerlies (west to east), while tropical cyclones generally follow trade winds (east to west).
Tropical cyclones are characterized by a distinct “eye,” a central region of clear skies and calm winds, which is not the ‘front side’. Both temperate and tropical cyclones are low-pressure systems, with lowest pressure at the center. Hurricanes are tropical cyclones, not mid-latitude phenomena.

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17. The ‘eye’ of the cyclone has :

The ‘eye’ of the cyclone has :

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abnormally high temperature and lowest pressure
abnormally low temperature and pressure
clear sky and lowest temperature
dense cloud cover and low pressure
This question was previously asked in
UPSC CDS-1 – 2016
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The ‘eye’ of a cyclone has abnormally high temperature and lowest pressure relative to its surroundings at the same altitude.
The eye is the calm, clear region at the center of a mature tropical cyclone. It is characterized by very low atmospheric pressure, light winds, and clear skies (or scattered clouds). Air sinks in the eye, leading to adiabatic warming, which makes the temperature in the eye warmer than the surrounding eyewall.
The eyewall surrounds the eye and is where the strongest winds and heaviest rainfall occur, characterized by dense cloud cover. The lowest surface pressure of the cyclone is found within the eye.

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