2011

21. In July, 2011 Eurozone’s 17 member countries agreed to give Greece a m

In July, 2011 Eurozone’s 17 member countries agreed to give Greece a massive financial bailout worth more than 150 billion dollars to try to rescue Greece’s shaken economy. In this respect, which of the following statements is/are correct ?

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  • 1. This is for the first time Greece has been given financial bailout by other European countries.
  • 2. Private lenders including banks are also pledging support which will give Greece easier repayment terms.

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1 only
2 only
Both 1 and 2
Neither 1 nor 2
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Statement 1 is incorrect. Greece had received a financial bailout package from the Eurozone and IMF in May 2010, prior to the July 2011 agreement. Therefore, the July 2011 bailout was not the first time Greece was given financial assistance by other European countries.
Statement 2 is correct. The July 2011 bailout package involved significant private sector involvement. Private creditors, including banks, were indeed asked to contribute to the rescue by accepting a voluntary exchange of Greek bonds for new bonds with longer maturities and lower interest rates (often referred to as a “haircut” or debt restructuring), which effectively provided Greece with easier repayment terms.
The Greek sovereign debt crisis led to multiple bailout packages from Eurozone countries and the IMF. The 2011 bailout involved mandatory private sector participation in debt restructuring.
The Eurozone crisis was a multi-year period (roughly 2009-2012) involving difficulties for several Eurozone member countries (including Greece, Ireland, Portugal, Spain, and Cyprus) in financing their government debt or sustaining their banking sectors. The bailouts were aimed at preventing sovereign defaults and stabilizing the Eurozone.

22. The process by which heat is transmitted from the Sun to the Earth is

The process by which heat is transmitted from the Sun to the Earth is called

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Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Cosmic disturbances
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The process by which heat is transmitted from the Sun to the Earth is called Radiation.
Radiation is the transfer of energy through electromagnetic waves, which can travel through a vacuum. The space between the Sun and the Earth is largely a vacuum.
Conduction is the transfer of heat through direct contact, and convection is the transfer of heat through the movement of fluids (liquids or gases). Neither conduction nor convection can efficiently transfer heat across the vacuum of space. The Sun emits energy primarily in the form of electromagnetic radiation (including visible light, infrared, and ultraviolet), which travels to Earth and is absorbed or reflected.

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23. Relative humidity

Relative humidity

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increases with increased temperature
decreases with increased temperature
decreases with decreased temperature
has no relation with increase or decrease of temperature
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Relative humidity decreases with increased temperature, assuming the absolute amount of water vapour in the air remains constant.
Relative humidity is defined as the ratio of the partial pressure of water vapour to the equilibrium vapour pressure of water at a given temperature. The equilibrium vapour pressure (the maximum amount of water vapour the air can hold) increases significantly with increasing temperature.
If the amount of water vapour in the air stays the same, but the temperature rises, the air’s capacity to hold water vapour increases. This means the actual vapour content becomes a smaller percentage of the maximum possible content, resulting in a decrease in relative humidity.

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24. In which of the following types of economy are the factors of producti

In which of the following types of economy are the factors of production owned individually ?

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Capitalist
Socialist
Mixed
Both socialist and capitalist
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In a Capitalist economy, the factors of production are owned individually.
Capitalism is an economic system characterized by private ownership of the means of production (factors of production like land, labour, capital, and entrepreneurship) and their operation for profit.
In contrast, socialist economies typically involve state or collective ownership of the factors of production, while mixed economies combine elements of both private and public ownership and control.

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25. Which one among the following cell organelles in a Eukaryotic cell is

Which one among the following cell organelles in a Eukaryotic cell is acquired during the process of evolution by entrapment or engulfment of Bacterial cells ?

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Peroxisomes
Vacuoles
Chloroplasts
Mitochondria
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Mitochondria is a cell organelle in a Eukaryotic cell that is acquired during the process of evolution by entrapment or engulfment of Bacterial cells.
The Endosymbiotic Theory proposes that certain organelles within eukaryotic cells, including mitochondria and chloroplasts, originated as free-living prokaryotic cells that were engulfed by a host cell and established a symbiotic relationship.
Mitochondria are believed to have originated from the engulfment of aerobic bacteria, which occurred in an early eukaryotic ancestor. Chloroplasts originated later from the engulfment of photosynthetic bacteria (cyanobacteria) in a lineage of eukaryotes that already possessed mitochondria. Since mitochondria are found in nearly all eukaryotic cells, their acquisition is considered a fundamental step in eukaryotic evolution.

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26. The chief racial groups constituting India’s population are the Dravid

The chief racial groups constituting India’s population are the Dravidian, Aryans, and Mongoloids. Where do the Mongoloids live ?

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Western India
Southern India
North-Eastern India
South-Western India
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The Mongoloid racial groups in India primarily live in North-Eastern India.
Populations with features typically associated with the Mongoloid group are predominantly found in the states located in North-Eastern India, including Arunachal Pradesh, Assam, Meghalaya, Nagaland, Manipur, Mizoram, Tripura, and Sikkim.
These regions share geographical borders and historical migration patterns with countries in East and Southeast Asia. While India’s population is highly diverse due to complex migrations and interactions over millennia, the concentration of people with distinct characteristics often categorized under broad racial terms like Mongoloid is highest in the Northeast.

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27. The retreating monsoons occur during the months of

The retreating monsoons occur during the months of

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January - February
March - April
June - July
October - November
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The retreating monsoons occur during the months of October – November.
The retreating monsoon season in India follows the peak of the Southwest monsoon (June-September). As the low-pressure trough over the North Indian plains weakens and shifts southwards, the monsoonal winds retreat from the subcontinent.
This period is also associated with clear skies and anticyclonic conditions over large parts of India. However, the retreating monsoon picks up moisture from the Bay of Bengal and causes significant rainfall in some parts of the country, particularly the coastal regions of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, and Kerala (often referred to as the Northeast Monsoon in these areas).

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28. The shape of the population pyramid reflects the characteristics of th

The shape of the population pyramid reflects the characteristics of the population. The shape of the pyramid in India is

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bell shaped and tapered towards the top
narrow base and a tapered top
broad base and a tapered top
narrow base and narrow top
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The shape of the population pyramid in India is typically described as a broad base and a tapered top.
A broad base indicates a large proportion of young people (high birth rates), and a tapered top indicates a smaller proportion of older people (due to mortality). India has historically had and continues to have relatively high birth rates (though declining), resulting in a large young population, and mortality rates cause the population size to decrease significantly in older age groups.
Population pyramids with a broad base and tapered top are characteristic of populations experiencing growth. Bell-shaped pyramids indicate a more stable population with moderate growth, while pyramids with a narrow base indicate low birth rates and potentially declining populations.

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29. Father and mother having A and B blood group respectively

Father and mother having A and B blood group respectively

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cannot give birth to child with AB blood group
cannot give birth to child with O blood group
can give birth to child with O blood group
cannot give birth to twin child with B blood group
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A father and mother having A and B blood groups respectively can give birth to a child with O blood group.
Blood group A can have genotypes I^A I^A or I^A i, and blood group B can have genotypes I^B I^B or I^B i. A child with blood group O has the genotype ii. This genotype can only be formed if both parents contribute an ‘i’ allele.
If the father has genotype I^A i (Blood Group A) and the mother has genotype I^B i (Blood Group B), their possible offspring genotypes are I^A I^B (AB), I^A i (A), I^B i (B), and ii (O). Therefore, a child with blood group O is a possible outcome if both parents are heterozygous for their respective blood groups.

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30. Which one of the following consequences will happen if large quantitie

Which one of the following consequences will happen if large quantities of domestic sewage are continuously discharged in a stream ?

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Increase in the algal bloom of the stream water
Increase in the temperature level of the stream water
Reduction in the carbon dioxide level of the stream water
Reduction in the dissolved oxygen level of the stream water
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Discharging large quantities of domestic sewage into a stream will result in a reduction in the dissolved oxygen level of the stream water.
Domestic sewage contains a high concentration of organic matter. Decomposers (primarily aerobic bacteria) break down this organic matter, a process that consumes large amounts of dissolved oxygen from the water (high Biochemical Oxygen Demand – BOD).
A significant drop in dissolved oxygen can be detrimental or fatal to fish and other aquatic organisms, leading to their death and disruption of the aquatic ecosystem. While sewage also contains nutrients that can lead to algal blooms (eutrophication), the immediate and most critical consequence for aquatic life is the depletion of dissolved oxygen.

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