2009

41. Through which one of the following continents, do the equator, the tro

Through which one of the following continents, do the equator, the tropic of cancer and the tropic of capricom pass through ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Africa” option2=”South America” option3=”North America” option4=”Australia” correct=”option1″]

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Africa is the only continent through which the Equator, the Tropic of Cancer, and the Tropic of Capricorn pass.
The Equator passes through the central part of Africa. The Tropic of Cancer lies to the north of the Equator, crossing North Africa. The Tropic of Capricorn lies to the south, crossing Southern Africa.
South America is crossed by the Equator and the Tropic of Capricorn. North America is crossed by the Tropic of Cancer. Australia is crossed by the Tropic of Capricorn. Asia is crossed by the Equator and the Tropic of Cancer. Europe is not crossed by any of these lines.

42. Which one of the following states of India is surrounded by Bangladesh

Which one of the following states of India is surrounded by Bangladesh on three sides ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Mizoram” option2=”Meghalaya” option3=”Tripura” option4=”West Bengal” correct=”option3″]

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The Indian state of Tripura is surrounded by Bangladesh on its northern, western, and southern sides.
Tripura shares an international border of 856 km with Bangladesh, making it the only state in India to be surrounded by an international border on three sides.
Mizoram borders Bangladesh on the west, but also borders Myanmar and the Indian states of Assam and Manipur. Meghalaya borders Bangladesh on the south, but borders Assam on the north. West Bengal borders Bangladesh on the east but has significant borders with other Indian states and coastline.

43. Consider the following statements: 1. The Damuda series of rock syst

Consider the following statements:

  • 1. The Damuda series of rock system contain all the metallurgical coal in India.
  • 2. Tamil Nadu is the chief producer of lignite coal in India.
  • 3. Tertiary coal is mainly confined to the peninsular India.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 and 3 only” option3=”1 and 2 only” option4=”1, 2 and 3″ correct=”option3″]

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Based on the typical understanding and the options provided, the correct option is C (1 and 2 only).
– Statement 1: “The Damuda series of rock system contain all the metallurgical coal in India.” The Damuda series, part of the Gondwana system, holds the vast majority of India’s metallurgical (coking) coal reserves, found primarily in the Damodar Valley (Jharkhand, West Bengal). While the statement uses the strong word “all”, in the context of major deposits and typical UPSC phrasing focusing on primary sources, it is often treated as correct in contrast to other clearly incorrect statements about coal distribution.
– Statement 2 is correct: Tamil Nadu is the largest producer of lignite coal in India, primarily from the Neyveli field.
– Statement 3 is incorrect: Tertiary coal deposits in India are mainly found in the northeastern states (Assam, Meghalaya, Arunachal Pradesh, Nagaland), Jammu & Kashmir, and also in parts of Rajasthan, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu. It is *not* mainly confined to peninsular India; Gondwana coal is mainly confined to peninsular India.
– Therefore, assuming Statement 1 is accepted as essentially correct in this context (meaning containing the overwhelming majority), and Statement 2 is correct, while Statement 3 is incorrect, the combination “1 and 2 only” is the correct option.
Indian coal is broadly classified into two geological ages: Gondwana coal (about 250 million years old), found in peninsular India (major fields: Damodar Valley, Mahanadi, Godavari, Son, Wardha rivers), which is high grade bituminous coal including metallurgical coal; and Tertiary coal (about 15-60 million years old), found mostly in non-peninsular regions (NE India, J&K) and some coastal peninsular areas (Gujarat, Rajasthan, Tamil Nadu), which includes lignite and sub-bituminous coal.

44. Tidal range denotes the :

Tidal range denotes the :

[amp_mcq option1=”rise of sea water and its movement toward the coast” option2=”fall of sea water and its movement toward the sea” option3=”rise and fall of sea water due to gravitational forces” option4=”difference between high and low tide” correct=”option4″]

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The correct option is D (difference between high and low tide).
– Tidal range is defined as the vertical difference between the sea level at high tide and the sea level at the subsequent low tide in a specific location.
– Statement A describes the flood tide.
– Statement B describes the ebb tide.
– Statement C describes the phenomenon of tides itself (the periodic rise and fall of sea water).
– Statement D accurately defines the tidal range.
Tidal ranges vary significantly depending on location, due to factors such as the shape of the coastline, water depth, and oceanic currents. Places like the Bay of Fundy in Canada have very high tidal ranges, while enclosed seas like the Mediterranean have very low ones.

45. Which one of the following causes rainfall in the north-western parts

Which one of the following causes rainfall in the north-western parts of India during Winter Season ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Cyclonic depression” option2=”Retreating monsoon” option3=”Western disturbances” option4=”South West monsoon” correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in
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The correct option is C (Western disturbances).
– Winter rainfall in the north-western parts of India, including Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, and parts of Rajasthan and Madhya Pradesh, is primarily caused by Western Disturbances.
– Western Disturbances are low-pressure systems originating over the Mediterranean Sea. They travel eastward across Iran, Afghanistan, and Pakistan, bringing moisture which causes precipitation in the form of rain and snow over the Himalayas and the plains of north-western India during the winter months (generally from December to March).
– Cyclonic depression can cause rainfall, but the specific winter rain in NW India is linked to the characteristic movement of Western Disturbances.
– Retreating Monsoon affects the southern parts of India, particularly the Tamil Nadu coast, during the autumn/early winter months (October-November).
– South West Monsoon is the primary monsoon season in India, bringing rainfall from June to September to most parts of the country, but not the cause of winter precipitation in the northwest plains.
The winter rainfall brought by Western Disturbances is crucial for the Rabi crops (like wheat) in north-western India.

46. Who among the following was the Chairman of the Committee on Financial

Who among the following was the Chairman of the Committee on Financial Sector Assessment (CFSA) set up by the Government of India and the Reserve Bank of India in 2006 to undertake a complete health checkup of the country’s financial sector ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Shri Ashok Chawla” option2=”Shri Ashok Jha” option3=”Dr. Rakesh Mohan” option4=”Dr. D. Subbarao” correct=”option3″]

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The correct option is C (Dr. Rakesh Mohan).
– The Committee on Financial Sector Assessment (CFSA) was set up jointly by the Government of India and the Reserve Bank of India (RBI) in 2006.
– The committee was tasked with undertaking a self-assessment of the country’s financial sector stability and development, in line with the Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank.
– Dr. Rakesh Mohan, who was then the Deputy Governor of the RBI, was the Chairman of this committee.
The CFSA submitted its report in March 2009, which provided a comprehensive analysis of the Indian financial sector, covering areas like financial regulation, supervision, institutions, and markets, and assessed compliance with international standards and codes.

47. Which one of the following are advance grants made by the House of Peo

Which one of the following are advance grants made by the House of People in respect of the estimated expenditure for a part of the ensuing financial year, pending the regular passage of the budget ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Supplementary grants” option2=”Special grants” option3=”Vote on credit” option4=”Vote on account” correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in
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The correct option is D (Vote on account).
– A Vote on Account is a grant made by the Lok Sabha in advance to the government to meet the estimated expenditure for a part of the financial year, typically the first two months, pending the regular passage of the demands for grants and the Appropriation Bill related to the full budget. It allows the government to continue functioning and meet its essential expenses until the complete budget is approved.
– Supplementary Grants are needed when the amount authorised by Parliament through the appropriation act for a service for the current financial year is found to be insufficient, or when a need arises during the current financial year for expenditure upon a new service not contemplated in the annual financial statement.
– Special Grants is not a standard term used in the Indian budgetary process in this context.
– Vote on Credit is granted by Lok Sabha to meet an unexpected demand upon the resources of India when, on account of the magnitude or the indefinite character of the service, the demand cannot be stated with the details ordinarily given in a financial statement. It is granted for exceptional circumstances.
Article 116 of the Constitution deals with Votes on account, Votes of credit, and exceptional grants. A Vote on Account is typically for about one-sixth of the total expenditure for the year and involves only expenditure demands, not revenue proposals.

48. Consider the following statements: 1. When the inflation decreases,

Consider the following statements:

  • 1. When the inflation decreases, but still remains positive, it is deflation.
  • 2. Deflation reduces the real value of money over time.
  • 3. Historically not all episodes of deflation correspond with periods of poor economic growth.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct ?

[amp_mcq option1=”1, 2 and 3″ option2=”1 and 3 only” option3=”3 only” option4=”2 only” correct=”option3″]

This question was previously asked in
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The correct option is C (3 only).
– Statement 1 is incorrect: Deflation is a decrease in the general price level of goods and services, meaning the inflation rate is negative. When inflation decreases but remains positive, it is called disinflation.
– Statement 2 is incorrect: Deflation increases the real value of money over time. If prices are falling, a fixed amount of money can buy more goods and services than before. Inflation, conversely, reduces the real value of money.
– Statement 3 is correct: While deflation is often associated with severe economic downturns (like the Great Depression), historical episodes exist where deflation occurred alongside economic growth, particularly during periods of significant productivity gains and technological advancements (e.g., late 19th century). This type of deflation, driven by falling production costs, can lead to lower prices for consumers without necessarily causing a recession.
Economists generally view deflation negatively in modern economies because falling prices can lead to decreased consumer spending (as people postpone purchases anticipating lower prices), reduced business profits, wage cuts, and an increased real burden of debt, potentially spiraling into a recession or depression.

49. Who among the following Prime Ministers of India has not presented the

Who among the following Prime Ministers of India has not presented the budget ?

[amp_mcq option1=”Jawaharlal Nehru” option2=”Morarji Desai” option3=”Indira Gandhi” option4=”Rajeev Gandhi” correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in
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This question is factually problematic as all the listed Prime Ministers have presented the Union Budget at some point during their tenure, either as Prime Minister holding the Finance portfolio or as Finance Minister. However, if forced to choose based on interpretations seen in some sources, Rajiv Gandhi is sometimes cited as the intended answer.
– Jawaharlal Nehru presented the budget for 1958-59 while holding the Finance portfolio.
– Morarji Desai presented numerous budgets as Finance Minister under Jawaharlal Nehru. He also presented the 1977-78 budget as Prime Minister holding the Finance portfolio.
– Indira Gandhi presented the budgets for 1970-71, 1980-81, and 1981-82 while holding the Finance portfolio as Prime Minister.
– Rajiv Gandhi presented the budget for 1987-88 while holding the Finance portfolio as Prime Minister after the resignation of V.P. Singh and N.D. Tiwari.
– Given that all four options *did* present budgets while serving as PM or FM, the question “Who among the following Prime Ministers of India has not presented the budget?” is factually incorrect with these options.
– If there is an intended correct answer among the options, it relies on a nuance not captured by the question, such as perhaps presenting a budget for a full year while being PM and full-time FM, or frequency of presentation. However, based on the simple criterion of “presented the budget”, none of the options fit the description of *not* having done so. Some interpretations suggest Rajiv Gandhi might be the intended answer because he presented only one budget while PM, and that too when the FM was unwell. However, this does not mean he “has not presented the budget”.
Prime Ministers who have presented the budget include Nehru, Indira Gandhi, Rajiv Gandhi, P.V. Narasimha Rao, and Atal Bihari Vajpayee (briefly). Morarji Desai presented the most budgets overall, primarily as Finance Minister.

50. The Parliament is entitled to enact a law of preventive detention for

The Parliament is entitled to enact a law of preventive detention for reasons connected with :

[amp_mcq option1=”defence” option2=”foreign affairs” option3=”security of India” option4=”all the above” correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in
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The correct option is D (all the above).
– The power to enact laws for preventive detention is covered in the Seventh Schedule of the Constitution.
– Union List (List I): Entry 9 specifically lists “Preventive detention for reasons connected with Defence, Foreign Affairs, or the Security of India; persons subjected to such detention”. Parliament has exclusive power to legislate on items in the Union List.
– Concurrent List (List III): Entry 3 lists “Preventive detention for reasons connected with the security of a State, the maintenance of public order, or the maintenance of supplies and services essential to the community; persons subjected to such detention; regulation of the place and conditions of detention of such persons”. Both Parliament and state legislatures can legislate on items in the Concurrent List.
– Since Defence, Foreign Affairs, and Security of India are explicitly mentioned in Entry 9 of the Union List, Parliament is entitled to enact a law of preventive detention for reasons connected with all these three areas.
Preventive detention is a contentious issue in India’s legal framework, allowing for detention of individuals without trial based on suspicion that they may commit a future crime, for reasons specified in the Lists. Safeguards against misuse are provided in Article 22 of the Constitution.
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