In ratio analysis, ‘time series analysis’ refers to

making a time series of various ratio to assess the firm's profitability
a graphical comparison of the firm's sources of finance
the comparison of financial ratios over a period of time to access the direction of change and the financial performance of the firm
a comparison of time values for various ratios of the firm

The correct answer is: C. the comparison of financial ratios over a period of time to access the direction of change and the financial performance of the firm.

Time series analysis is a statistical method that involves analyzing data over time. In ratio analysis, time series analysis is

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used to compare financial ratios over a period of time to assess the direction of change and the financial performance of the firm. This can be done by plotting the ratios on a graph and looking for trends. For example, if a firm’s profit margin is increasing over time, this indicates that the firm is becoming more profitable.

Option A is incorrect because it refers to making a time series of various ratios to assess the firm’s profitability. This is not the same as time series analysis, which involves comparing financial ratios over a period of time.

Option B is incorrect because it refers to a graphical comparison of the firm’s sources of finance. This is not the same as time series analysis, which involves comparing financial ratios over a period of time.

Option D is incorrect because it refers to a comparison of time values for various ratios of the firm. This is not the same as time series analysis, which involves comparing financial ratios over a period of time.