The reason is that “Liverpool University” is a proper noun, which is a noun that names a specific person, place, thing, or idea. Proper nouns are always capitalized and
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do not take an article.
Here are some examples of other proper nouns:
The United States of America
The Eiffel Tower
The Atlantic Ocean
The Mona Lisa
Note that there are some exceptions to this rule. For example, if you are referring to a general type of place, you would use an article. For example, you would say “I went to a university in England.” In this case, you are not referring to a specific university, but to any university in England.