The correct answer is D. No error.
The sentence is grammatically correct. The subject and verb agree, and the sentence is complete. The phrase “that can penetrate into the biological tissue” is a dependent clause that modifies the noun “radiation.”
The sentence could be improved by adding more detail. For example, the writer could explain what the “unprecedented amounts of radiation” are or what the “biological tissue” is. The writer could also provide more information about the consequences of a large-scale exchange of nuclear weapons.