De Morgan’s first theorem states that the complement of the AND gate is the OR gate, and the complement of the OR gate is the AND gate. In other words, $(A \land B)^\complement = A^\complement \lor B^\complement$ and $(A \lor B)^\complement = A^\complement \land B^\complement$.
A NOR gate is a logic gate that produces a logic 0 output if both of its inputs are logic 1. A bubbled AND gate is an AND gate with a bubble on its output. A bubble on the output of a gate inverts the output of the gate. Therefore, a NOR gate is equivalent to a bubbled AND gate.
Option A is incorrect because an AND gate produces a logic 1 output if both of its inputs are logic 1. A NOR gate produces a logic 0 output if both of its inputs are logic 1. Therefore, an AND gate is not equivalent to a NOR gate.
Option B is incorrect because an XAND gate produces a logic 1 output if exactly one of its inputs is logic 1. A NOR gate produces a logic 0 output if both of its inputs are logic 1. Therefore, an XAND gate is not equivalent to a NOR gate.
Option C is incorrect because an XOR gate produces a logic 1 output if its inputs are different. A NOR gate produces a logic 0 output if both of its inputs are logic 1. Therefore, an XOR gate is not equivalent to a NOR gate.
Option D is correct because a NOR gate is equivalent to a bubbled AND gate. A bubble on the output of a gate inverts the output of the gate. Therefore, a NOR gate is equivalent to a bubbled AND gate.
Option E is incorrect because a NOR gate is equivalent to a bubbled AND gate.