UPSC SO-Steno

31. Which one of the following Union Territories has a Legislative Assembl

Which one of the following Union Territories has a Legislative Assembly ?

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Puducherry
Chandigarh
Lakshadweep
Daman and Diu
This question was previously asked in
UPSC SO-Steno – 2017
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Puducherry is one of the Union Territories in India that has a Legislative Assembly.
As per the constitutional provisions and laws governing Union Territories, Puducherry (formerly Pondicherry) has a Legislative Assembly and a Council of Ministers headed by a Chief Minister. This setup is established under Article 239A of the Constitution and the Government of Union Territories Act, 1963. As of the time period when this question would likely have been framed, Delhi and Puducherry were the two Union Territories with Legislative Assemblies.
Chandigarh is the joint capital of Punjab and Haryana and is administered as a Union Territory without a Legislative Assembly. Lakshadweep is an island Union Territory administered by an Administrator. Daman and Diu was a Union Territory without a Legislative Assembly before being merged with Dadra and Nagar Haveli in 2020 to form the Union Territory of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, which is also administered without a Legislative Assembly. Jammu and Kashmir was reorganised in 2019 into a Union Territory with a Legislative Assembly, but this postdates the likely framing of this question.

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32. A contract labour in India, according to Contract Labour (Regulation a

A contract labour in India, according to Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970 is

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hired, supervised, contracted and remunerated by a contractor for the user enterprise
hired, supervised and contracted by a contractor but remunerated by the user enterprise
hired and supervised by a contractor but contracted and remunerated by the user enterprise
hired and contracted by a contractor but supervised and remunerated by the user enterprise
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A contract labour in India, according to the Contract Labour (Regulation and Abolition) Act, 1970, is a person hired, supervised, contracted, and remunerated by a contractor for the user enterprise.
The Act defines “contract labour” as someone employed in connection with the work of an establishment who is hired, supervised, and supplied by a contractor to the establishment. The contractor is the immediate employer who pays wages to the contract labour, while the work is done for the principal employer’s establishment. The definition implies that the contractor is responsible for engaging the labourer (hiring/contracting), directing their work (supervising), and paying them (remunerating).
The Act regulates the employment of contract labour in certain establishments and provides for its abolition in certain circumstances. The principal employer has certain obligations under the Act regarding the welfare of contract labour, but the direct employment relationship is between the contractor and the contract labour.

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33. In the case of surrogacy, according to recommendations made by Law Com

In the case of surrogacy, according to recommendations made by Law Commission of India, birth certificate would bear the name of

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biological mother carrying baby
commissioning parents only
commissioning mother and surrogate mother
surrogate mother and her husband
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According to the recommendations made by the Law Commission of India in its 228th Report (2009) on Surrogacy, the birth certificate would bear the name of the commissioning parents only.
The Law Commission recommended that the commissioning parents should be recognized as the legal parents from the time of the child’s birth, and the birth certificate should show their names as parents. This was intended to prevent any legal issues regarding the child’s parentage and to protect the identity and privacy of the surrogate mother. The report advocated for altruistic surrogacy and strongly recommended against commercial surrogacy.
The recommendations aimed to provide a legal framework for surrogacy in India. While legislation has evolved since this report, the recommendation regarding the birth certificate primarily naming commissioning parents was a significant point to establish their legal parenthood immediately upon birth.

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34. According to results of Census 2011, among the top four populous metro

According to results of Census 2011, among the top four populous metropolitans, literacy rate is highest in

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Mumbai
Delhi
Bengaluru
Hyderabad
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According to Census 2011 results, Mumbai had the highest literacy rate among the given metropolitan areas.
Based on data from Census 2011 for Urban Agglomerations, the literacy rates were approximately: Mumbai (around 89.7%), Delhi (around 86.3%), Bengaluru (around 88.5%), and Hyderabad (around 83.2%). Comparing these figures, Mumbai recorded the highest literacy rate among the options provided.
Literacy rate is a key indicator of socio-economic development. The Census provides detailed data on literacy rates across various geographies and demographics in India. The ranking might vary slightly depending on whether city municipal limits or urban agglomerations are considered, but for the major metros, the relative ranking among the given options typically holds.

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35. In Economics, which one of the following is not an essential condition

In Economics, which one of the following is not an essential condition for existence of market ?

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Product (goods or service)
Buyers
Sellers
Place
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UPSC SO-Steno – 2017
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Place is not always an essential condition for the existence of a market.
A market is essentially a mechanism that brings together buyers and sellers to exchange goods or services. The essential components are: 1) A product or service to be exchanged, 2) Buyers (demand), and 3) Sellers (supply). Traditionally, markets were associated with physical locations (marketplaces), but in the modern economy, especially with the advent of e-commerce and digital platforms, markets can exist without a specific physical ‘place’. Online markets, for instance, facilitate transactions globally without a common physical location for buyers and sellers.
Products, buyers, and sellers are fundamental requirements for any exchange mechanism to function as a market. Without any one of these, a market cannot exist.

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36. Department of Pharmaceuticals (Aushadh Vibhag) is a part of which one

Department of Pharmaceuticals (Aushadh Vibhag) is a part of which one of the following Ministries ?

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Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers
Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Ministry of Science and Technology
Ministry of Consumer Affairs, Food and Public Distribution
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The Department of Pharmaceuticals is a part of the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers.
The Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers comprises three departments: Department of Chemicals & Petrochemicals, Department of Fertilizers, and Department of Pharmaceuticals. The Department of Pharmaceuticals was set up to give greater focus and thrust to the development of the Pharmaceuticals sector in India.
Other Ministries like Health and Family Welfare are related to the healthcare sector, but the administrative control over the pharmaceutical industry itself (manufacturing, pricing, regulation of drug production quality, etc.) lies significantly with the Department of Pharmaceuticals under the Ministry of Chemicals and Fertilizers.

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37. Climate change is

Climate change is

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a positive good as ice-capped lands are clearing
a negative good as sea water is rising
a global negative externality caused by Green House Gas emissions
a local positive externality caused by afforestation
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Climate change is best described as a global negative externality caused by Green House Gas emissions.
Climate change is driven primarily by the emission of greenhouse gases (like CO2) from human activities. The costs associated with the impacts of climate change (such as sea-level rise, extreme weather events, etc.) are not borne by the emitters alone but by the entire global community, making it an externality. Since these impacts are largely harmful, it is a negative externality. Its effects are global in scope, affecting all regions.
Options A and B describe potential outcomes or consequences, not the fundamental nature or cause. Option D describes a positive externality (afforestation) which is a mitigation measure against climate change, not climate change itself.

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38. Which one of the following statements is not correct with regard to Lo

Which one of the following statements is not correct with regard to Lok Sabha ?

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President has the power to summon/prorogue Lok Sabha.
Lok Sabha sits on such days as the Speaker may direct from time to time.
Presence of Minister(s) is necessary for constituting a sitting of the House.
A sitting of the House cannot be commenced unless there is quorum.
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Statement C is incorrect.
For a sitting of the House to commence, the presence of a quorum is necessary. Quorum for Lok Sabha is one-tenth of the total number of members of the House, including the Speaker. While ministers are members of the House, their specific presence is not a condition for constituting a sitting, only the presence of the minimum number of members (quorum) is required.
Statement A is correct; the President summons and prorogues Lok Sabha under Article 85. Statement B is correct; the sittings of the House are determined by the Speaker in consultation with the business advisory committee. Statement D is correct; under Article 100, a sitting cannot commence unless there is a quorum.

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39. Which one of the following statements is not correct with regard to le

Which one of the following statements is not correct with regard to leave of absence by MPs ?

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If for a period of 60 days, an MP remains absent, without permission of the House, from all meetings thereof, his seat may be declared vacant by the House.
in computing the period of sixty days, account is taken of any period during which the House is prorogued or is adjourned.
The period of sixty days means a single unbroken period of sixty days.
The constitutional provisions are only directory and not mandatory and seat may be declared vacant unless there is a contumacious disregard of duty as an MP.
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Statement B is incorrect.
According to Article 101(4) of the Constitution, if a member of either House of Parliament is absent from all meetings thereof for a period of sixty days without the permission of the House, the House may declare his seat vacant. However, in computing the period of sixty days, no account shall be taken of any period during which the House is prorogued or is adjourned for more than four consecutive days. Statement B incorrectly states that account is taken of *any* period during which the House is prorogued or adjourned, which is contrary to the rule that periods of adjournment exceeding four consecutive days are excluded.
Statement A accurately reflects the condition under Article 101(4). Statement C refers to the accumulated absence over time that needs to reach 60 days. Statement D is incorrect; the constitutional provision is mandatory, and the seat *shall* be declared vacant if the conditions are met, subject to procedural rules.

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40. Which one of the following statements is correct with regard to right

Which one of the following statements is correct with regard to right of Members before taking oath in Lok Sabha ?

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A Member can resign and seek leave of absence.
A Member is entitled to sit and vote in the House.
He is not entitled to receive salary.
He can be elected or nominated as a Member of a Committee and can function as a Member of such committee.
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The correct option is C) He is not entitled to receive salary.
A person becomes a member upon election, but their entitlement to salary and allowances typically begins from the date they make and subscribe the oath or affirmation. This is governed by the Salary, Allowances and Pension of Members of Parliament Act, 1954, and related rules. Before taking the oath, they cannot take their seat, vote, or participate in the proceedings of the House.
While a member can resign before taking the oath, they cannot seek leave of absence *from the House* as they haven’t yet taken their seat. They also cannot participate in committees or ask questions in the House before taking the oath.

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