UPSC IAS Archives

131. How many of the above statements are correct?

How many of the above statements are correct?

[amp_mcq option1=”Only one” option2=”Only two” option3=”All three” option4=”None” correct=”option4″]

This question was previously asked in

UPSC IAS – 2023

The question asks “How many of the above statements are correct?”. However, no statements are provided under this ID. Therefore, as presented, the question cannot be answered based on explicit statements. Assuming there are implicit statements meant to be evaluated (which is not the case based on the format), or if this question is incomplete, a correct answer cannot be determined from the provided data. Given the structure, this question is unanswerable as there are zero statements presented.

This question ID is presented without any associated statements to evaluate for correctness.

In a typical UPSC format, “How many of the above statements are correct?” follows a list of numbered statements within the same question block. The presentation of ID 27983 in isolation without any preceding numbered statements makes it impossible to determine which statements are being referred to.

132. Consider, the following statements : Statement-I: India accounts for 3

Consider, the following statements :
Statement-I: India accounts for 3.2% of global export of goods.
Statement-II: Many local companies and some foreign companies operating in India have taken advantage of India’s ‘Production-linked Incentive’ scheme.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

[amp_mcq option1=”Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I” option2=”Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I” option3=”Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect” option4=”Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct” correct=”option4″]

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UPSC IAS – 2023

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Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct.

India’s share in global goods exports is significantly lower than 3.2%. According to recent WTO data, India’s share in world merchandise exports is around 1.8%. Statement-I is therefore incorrect. Statement-II is correct, as the Production-linked Incentive (PLI) scheme in India has been designed to attract both domestic and foreign investments into key manufacturing sectors and has seen participation from numerous companies operating in India.

The PLI scheme aims to boost domestic manufacturing and reduce import dependence. It offers incentives on increased sales of manufactured goods from target segments. It covers a wide range of sectors including electronics, pharmaceuticals, automobiles, textiles, food products, etc. Both Indian and foreign companies with manufacturing bases in India are eligible for these incentives, and many have indeed availed them to expand production.

133. Consider the following statements: Statement-I: Recently, the United S

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: Recently, the United States of America (USA) and the European Union (EU) have launched the ‘Trade and Technology Council’.
Statement-II: The USA and the EU claim that through this they are trying to bring technological progress and physical productivity under their control.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

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UPSC IAS – 2023

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Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.

The USA and the EU did launch the ‘Trade and Technology Council’ (TTC) in June 2021. However, the stated objective of the TTC is not to “bring technological progress and physical productivity under their control” but rather to cooperate on trade, economic, and technology issues, strengthen supply chains, promote innovation, and address challenges posed by non-market economies, among other goals. Statement-II’s description of the objective is a misrepresentation.

The EU-US Trade and Technology Council serves as a forum for the US and EU to coordinate approaches on key global challenges. Priority areas include cooperation on technology standards, artificial intelligence, semiconductor supply chains, export controls, investment screening, global trade challenges, and promoting secure connectivity. The intention is to align their policies and approaches in these areas to better address shared concerns and opportunities, not to exert unilateral control over global technological progress or productivity.

134. Consider the following statements : Statement-I: Switzerland in one of

Consider the following statements :
Statement-I: Switzerland in one of the leading exporters of gold in terms of value.
Statement-II: Switzerland has the second largest gold reserves in the world.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

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UPSC IAS – 2023

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Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.

Switzerland is a major global hub for gold refining and trading and is indeed one of the leading exporters of gold by value. However, Switzerland does not have the second largest official gold reserves in the world. Countries like the USA, Germany, Italy, and France hold significantly larger gold reserves.

Switzerland’s prominence in the gold market is due to its advanced refining capacity and role as a transit country. It refines a large portion of the world’s newly mined gold and scrap gold before it is exported for distribution globally. As of recent data, the largest holders of official gold reserves are the United States, followed by Germany, Italy, and France. Switzerland’s reserves, while substantial, rank lower down the list (typically outside the top 5).

135. Consider the following statements in respect of the Constitution Day :

Consider the following statements in respect of the Constitution Day :
Statement-I: The Constitution Day is celebrated on 26th November every year to promote constitutional values among citizens.
Statement-II: On 26th November, 1949, the Constituent Assembly of India set up a Drafting Committee under the Chairmanship of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar to prepare a Draft Constitution of India.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

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UPSC IAS – 2023

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Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.

Constitution Day, also known as Samvidhan Divas, is celebrated on 26th November each year to commemorate the adoption of the Constitution of India by the Constituent Assembly on 26th November 1949. This day aims to promote constitutional values among citizens. However, the Drafting Committee of the Constituent Assembly was set up on 29th August 1947, not on 26th November 1949. Dr. B.R. Ambedkar was the Chairman of this committee.

The Constitution of India came into effect on 26th January 1950, which is celebrated as Republic Day. The idea of celebrating November 26th as Constitution Day was officially announced by the Government of India in 2015 as part of the celebrations of Dr. B.R. Ambedkar’s 125th birth anniversary. Statement-II incorrectly states the date of the setting up of the Drafting Committee.

136. Consider the following statements: Statement-I: 7th August is declared

Consider the following statements:
Statement-I: 7th August is declared as the National Handloom Day.
Statement-II: It was in 1905 that the Swadeshi Movement was launched on the same day.
Which one of the following is correct in respect of the above statements?

[amp_mcq option1=”Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I.” option2=”Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is not the correct explanation for Statement-I.” option3=”Statement-I is correct but Statement-II is incorrect.” option4=”Statement-I is incorrect but Statement-II is correct.” correct=”option1″]

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UPSC IAS – 2023

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Both Statement-I and Statement-II are correct and Statement-II is the correct explanation for Statement-I.

National Handloom Day is celebrated on 7th August in India to honour the handloom weaving community and highlight the contribution of the sector to the country’s socio-economic development. This date was specifically chosen because it was on 7th August 1905 that the Swadeshi Movement was formally launched in Calcutta, which strongly advocated for the use of Indian-made goods, including handloom products, as a form of economic resistance against British rule.

The first National Handloom Day was celebrated on 7th August 2015. The Swadeshi Movement gained momentum following the Partition of Bengal. Promoting indigenous industries, particularly handlooms, became a crucial part of the movement, symbolizing self-reliance and national pride. Therefore, the historical significance of 7th August 1905 is directly linked to the promotion of handlooms, making Statement-II the correct rationale for establishing National Handloom Day on this date.

137. Consider the following pairs : Site Well known for

Consider the following pairs :

Site	Well known for
1. Besnagar	: Shaivite cave shrine
2. Bhaja	: Buddhist cave shrine
3. Sittanawasai	: Jain cave shrine

How many of the above pairs are correctly matched?

[amp_mcq option1=”Only one” option2=”Only two” option3=”All three” option4=”None” correct=”option2″]

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UPSC IAS – 2023

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Only two of the given pairs are correctly matched.

The Bhaja caves are renowned Buddhist rock-cut caves. The Sittanavasal caves are famous for Jain paintings and sculptures. Besnagar (Vidisha) is historically significant for the Heliodorus Pillar, a structure associated with Vaishnavism, not a Shaivite cave shrine.

Bhaja Caves are located near Lonavala, Maharashtra, dating back to the Hinayana phase of Buddhism (2nd century BC). Sittanavasal is located in Tamil Nadu and its caves contain important examples of Jain art from the Pallava period (7th century AD) and later Pandyas. Besnagar, near Vidisha in Madhya Pradesh, is known for the Heliodorus pillar, which is a Garuda column erected by Heliodorus, a Greek ambassador, dedicating it to Vasudeva (a deity identified with Vishnu), indicating the early prevalence of Vaishnavism in the region around the 2nd century BC.

138. With reference to the Indian History, Alexander Rea, A. H. Longhurst,

With reference to the Indian History, Alexander Rea, A. H. Longhurst, Robert Sewell, James Burgess and Walter Elliot were associated with

[amp_mcq option1=”archaeological excavations” option2=”establishment of English Press in Colonial India” option3=”establishment of Churches in Princely States” option4=”construction of railways in Colonial India” correct=”option1″]

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UPSC IAS – 2023

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All the individuals listed were prominent figures associated with archaeological excavations and studies in British India.

Alexander Rea, A. H. Longhurst, Robert Sewell, James Burgess, and Walter Elliot were all British scholars and administrators who made significant contributions to the field of archaeology, particularly in documenting, conserving, and excavating ancient sites across different parts of India during the colonial period.

James Burgess served as the Director General of the Archaeological Survey of India (ASI). Alexander Rea and A. H. Longhurst held positions like Superintendents within the ASI, focusing on regions like the Madras Presidency. Robert Sewell is well known for his historical works based on archaeological findings, notably on the Vijayanagara Empire. Walter Elliot was a civil servant who also contributed significantly to archaeology and epigraphy, especially in South India. Their work was foundational to the study of Indian history and art through its material remains.

139. Consider the following statements about G-20: 1. The G-20 group was

Consider the following statements about G-20:

1. The G-20 group was originally established as a platform for the Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors to discuss the international economic and financial issues.
2. Digital public infrastructure is one of India’s G-20 priorities.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

[amp_mcq option1=”1 only” option2=”2 only” option3=”Both 1 and 2″ option4=”Neither 1 nor 2″ correct=”option3″]

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UPSC IAS – 2023

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Both Statement 1 and Statement 2 are correct.

The G-20 was indeed established in 1999 as a forum for Finance Ministers and Central Bank Governors from systematically important industrialized and developing economies to discuss global economic and financial issues. India, during its G20 presidency in 2023, highlighted the promotion of Digital Public Infrastructure (DPI) as a significant priority area for global cooperation and development.

The G20 leaders started meeting annually since 2008. The agenda of the G20 has expanded beyond economic and financial issues to include topics such as trade, climate change, sustainable development, health, agriculture, energy, anti-corruption, and digitalisation, reflecting the G20’s role as a premier forum for international economic cooperation. India’s G20 presidency focused on themes like “Vasudhaiva Kutumbakam” (One Earth, One Family, One Future) and included priorities such as green development, climate finance, accelerated, inclusive, and resilient growth, and harnessing digital public infrastructure.

140. Consider the following heavy industries: 1. Fertilizer plants 2. Oil r

Consider the following heavy industries:
1. Fertilizer plants
2. Oil refineries
3. Steel plants
Green hydrogen is expected to play a significant role in decarbonizing how many of the above industries?

[amp_mcq option1=”Only one” option2=”Only two” option3=”All three” option4=”None” correct=”option3″]

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The correct answer is C) All three.

Green hydrogen, produced using renewable energy sources, is a key solution for decarbonizing heavy industries which are difficult to electrify and heavily reliant on fossil fuels.
Fertilizer plants: Production of ammonia (NH3), a primary component of fertilizers, currently uses hydrogen derived mainly from natural gas (steam methane reforming), a process that emits significant CO2. Green hydrogen can directly replace this, making ammonia production carbon-free.
Oil refineries: Hydrogen is used in refining processes like hydrocracking and hydrotreating to remove impurities and upgrade fuel products. Replacing grey hydrogen with green hydrogen is a direct pathway to reduce emissions in refineries.
Steel plants: Traditional steel production is a major source of CO2 emissions due to the use of coal as a reducing agent. Green hydrogen can be used as a reducing agent in direct reduced iron (DRI) processes, replacing coal and enabling the production of “green steel” with significantly lower emissions.

Decarbonizing heavy industries is crucial for achieving global climate goals. Green hydrogen offers a promising avenue as a clean fuel and feedstock, capable of reducing or eliminating process emissions in these sectors. Significant research, development, and pilot projects are underway globally to implement green hydrogen solutions in fertilizer, refining, and steel production.