UPSC CDS-1 Archives

41. The Erawan shrine, which witnessed a major bomb blast in August 2015,

The Erawan shrine, which witnessed a major bomb blast in August 2015, is located at :

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Singapore

Bangkok

Kuala Lumpur

Kabul

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The Erawan shrine is located at Bangkok.

The Erawan Shrine is a Hindu shrine in Bangkok, Thailand. A major bombing occurred there on 17 August 2015, which resulted in numerous casualties. This was a significant international news event in 2015.

The Erawan Shrine is dedicated to the god Brahma, known as Phra Phrom in Thai culture. It is a popular worship site for both Buddhists and Hindus.

42. Which of the following is / are the example(s) of Transfer Payment(s)

Which of the following is / are the example(s) of Transfer Payment(s) ?

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1. Unemployment Allowance
2. Payment of Salary
3. Social Security Payments
4. Old age Pension

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1 and 3 only

1, 2 and 4 only

1, 3 and 4 only

None of the above

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Statements 1, 3, and 4 are examples of Transfer Payments.

Transfer payments are unilateral payments made by the government or other entities to individuals or households for which no goods or services are currently received in return. These are essentially income transfers.
Statement 1 (Unemployment Allowance), Statement 3 (Social Security Payments), and Statement 4 (Old age Pension) are examples of transfer payments. They are benefits provided by the state to support individuals without demanding current labour or services.
Statement 2 (Payment of Salary) is a payment made in exchange for services rendered (labour). It is part of factor income, not a transfer payment.

Transfer payments are included in National Income calculation when looking at personal income (as they are income to individuals) but excluded when calculating Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as they do not represent production of goods or services.

43. Which of the statements given below is / are correct ? 1. The ideal

Which of the statements given below is / are correct ?

1. The ideal of a common civil code is set forth in Article 44 of the Constitution of India
2. In certain respects, the High Courts in India have been given more extensive powers than the Supreme Court
3. The Supreme Court of India, the first fully independent Court for the country, was set up under the Constitution of India in 1950

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1, 2 and 3

2 and 3 only

1 only

3 only

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All three statements are correct.

Statement 1 is correct as Article 44 of the Directive Principles of State Policy in the Constitution of India states that “The State shall endeavour to secure for the citizens a uniform civil code throughout the territory of India.”
Statement 2 is correct because the High Courts’ power to issue writs under Article 226 is broader than that of the Supreme Court under Article 32. While both can issue writs for the enforcement of Fundamental Rights, a High Court can also issue writs for ‘any other purpose’, which extends to the enforcement of any legal right, whether constitutional or not.
Statement 3 is correct. The Supreme Court of India was established and inaugurated on January 28, 1950, as the successor to the Federal Court of India and the Privy Council. It was set up under the new Constitution of India and is considered the first fully independent court for the country under the Republic.

Article 32 is a fundamental right itself (Right to Constitutional Remedies), whereas Article 226 is a constitutional right but not a fundamental right. However, the scope of Article 226 is wider regarding the grounds for issuing writs. The Federal Court of India was established under the Government of India Act, 1935.

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44. What were the 12 states of the Sikh confederacy called ?

What were the 12 states of the Sikh confederacy called ?

Misl

Gurmata

Sardari

Rakhi

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The correct option is A) Misl.

The Sikh confederacy in the 18th century, consisting of twelve sovereign territories, was known as the Misls.

After the decline of the Mughal Empire, the Sikhs organized themselves into twelve independent groups or armies, called Misls, under their own chiefs. These Misls controlled different regions of the Punjab until Maharaja Ranjit Singh unified them into a single Sikh Empire in the early 19th century.

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45. The followers of Gorakhnath were called :

The followers of Gorakhnath were called :

Jogis

Nath-Panthis

Tantriks

Sanyasis

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The correct option is B) Nath-Panthis.

Gorakhnath was a key figure in the Nath tradition or Nath Sampradaya, and his followers are commonly known as Nath-Panthis.

Gorakhnath (c. 10th or 11th century) was a Hindu yogi and saint. He is considered one of the two major founders of the Nath Sampradaya, alongside his guru Matsyendranath. The Nath-Panthis are followers of this tradition, known for their yogic practices and emphasis on Hatha Yoga. ‘Jogis’ is a term often used generally for yogis, but ‘Nath-Panthis’ is specific to this sect.

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46. Which of the following statements relating to the office of the Presid

Which of the following statements relating to the office of the President of India are correct ?

1. The President has the power to grant pardon to a criminal in special cases.
2. The President can promulgate ordinances even when the Parliament is in session.
3. The President can dissolve the Rajya Sabha during emergency.
4. The President has the power to nominate two members in the Lok Sabha from the Anglo Indian community.

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

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1 and 2

1 and 4 only

3 and 4 only

1, 3 and 4

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The correct option is B) 1 and 4 only.

Statement 1 is correct as the President has the power to grant pardons (Article 72). Statement 4 was correct under Article 331 of the Constitution which allowed the President to nominate two members from the Anglo-Indian community to the Lok Sabha if they were not adequately represented (Note: This provision was discontinued by the 104th Amendment Act, 2019, effective Jan 2020, but was in effect at the time the question was likely framed). Statement 2 is incorrect as the President can only promulgate ordinances when Parliament (or either House) is not in session (Article 123). Statement 3 is incorrect as the Rajya Sabha is a permanent House and cannot be dissolved.

The power to grant pardons, reprieves, respites, remissions, punishments, or to commute the sentence of any person convicted of any offence falls under the President’s executive powers. The ordinance-making power is an important legislative power for urgent situations. The Rajya Sabha’s permanent nature is a key feature distinguishing it from the Lok Sabha.

47. Which of the following statements regarding Rajya Sabha is / are corre

Which of the following statements regarding Rajya Sabha is / are correct ?

1. The maximum permissible strength of Rajya Sabha is 250
2. In Rajya Sabha, 238 members are elected indirectly from the States and Union Territories
3. It shares legislative powers equally with Lok Sabha in matters such as creation of All India Services

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1 and 2 only

1, 2 and 3

2 and 3 only

1 only

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The correct option is A) 1 and 2 only.

Statements 1 and 2 accurately describe the maximum strength and the method of election/nomination for the Rajya Sabha. Statement 3 is incorrect because the power to initiate the creation of All India Services is a special power of the Rajya Sabha (under Article 312), where it does not share equal legislative power for *initiation* with the Lok Sabha.

The Rajya Sabha is composed of not more than 250 members (238 elected from States and Union Territories and 12 nominated by the President). While general legislative powers are shared, Article 312 grants the Rajya Sabha the exclusive power to initiate the creation of new All India Services by passing a resolution with a special majority.

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48. Who among the following Prime Ministers of India were defeated by a vo

Who among the following Prime Ministers of India were defeated by a vote of No Confidence ?

1. Morarji Desai
2. Viswanath Pratap Singh
3. H.D. Deve Gowda
4. Atal Bihari Vajpayee

Select the correct answer using the code given below :

1, 2, 3 and 4

1, 2 and 3 only

2, 3 and 4 only

1 and 4 only

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The correct option is C) 2, 3 and 4 only.

V.P. Singh (1990), H.D. Deve Gowda (1997), and Atal Bihari Vajpayee (1999) all lost a vote of No Confidence in the Lok Sabha, leading to their defeat as Prime Ministers. Morarji Desai resigned before the scheduled vote of No Confidence in 1979, thus not being technically ‘defeated by a vote’.

A motion of No Confidence can be moved against the Council of Ministers in the Lok Sabha. If it is passed by a simple majority, the Council of Ministers must resign.

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49. Which one of the following nations has faced severe economic crisis in

Which one of the following nations has faced severe economic crisis in the year 2015 resulting in default in repayment of IMF loan?

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China

Greece

Ireland

Belgium

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The correct option is B) Greece.

Greece faced a severe sovereign debt crisis in 2015 and came close to defaulting on its loans from international creditors, including the IMF.

In 2015, negotiations between the Greek government and its creditors over bailout terms reached a critical point, leading to capital controls and the risk of Greece exiting the Eurozone. While temporary agreements were reached to avoid a full default and Grexit, the country was in a major economic crisis requiring further bailout funds.

50. Which one of the following island nations went for Parliamentary elect

Which one of the following island nations went for Parliamentary elections in the month of August 2015 ?

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Maldives

Fiji

Sri Lanka

Singapore

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The correct option is C) Sri Lanka.

Sri Lanka held a parliamentary election in August 2015.

The Sri Lankan parliamentary election was held on August 17, 2015. Other listed nations had elections in different periods: Fiji held elections in September 2014, Singapore in September 2015, and Maldives’ significant elections were not parliamentary in August 2015 (presidential in 2013, parliamentary in 2014, local in 2017).