UPSC CDS-1 Archives

41. Consider the following statements regarding instruments of monetary po

Consider the following statements regarding instruments of monetary policy:

1. Standing deposit facility (SDF) rate was introduced in April 2022.
2. SDF rate replaced fixed reverse repo rate as the floor of the LAF corridor.

Which of the statements given above is/are correct?

1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

Answer is Right!

Answer is Wrong!

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

Download PDF Attempt Online

Statement 1 is correct: The Standing Deposit Facility (SDF) was introduced by the Reserve Bank of India in April 2022 as an additional tool for absorbing liquidity without providing collateral.
Statement 2 is correct: The SDF rate was set below the repo rate and replaced the fixed reverse repo rate as the effective floor of the Liquidity Adjustment Facility (LAF) corridor. The LAF corridor is now defined by the Marginal Standing Facility (MSF) rate (ceiling) and the SDF rate (floor).

SDF was introduced in April 2022 and functions as the floor of the LAF corridor, replacing the fixed reverse repo rate.

The SDF aims to provide the RBI with a more flexible tool to manage liquidity compared to the reverse repo window which requires collateral. It also helps in better anchoring the overnight money market rates within the LAF corridor.

Join Our Telegram Channel

42. Which of the following indicators is/are used to observe the monetary

Which of the following indicators is/are used to observe the monetary transmission mechanism in the economy?

Join Our Telegram Channel

1. Weighted average lending rate
2. Weighted average domestic term deposit rate
3. 1-year median MCLR
4. SDF rate

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 and 2 only

1, 2 and 3

3 and 4

4 only

Answer is Right!

Answer is Wrong!

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

Download PDF Attempt Online

The monetary transmission mechanism (MTM) describes how changes in the central bank’s policy rate are transmitted through the economy to influence inflation and output. Observing this mechanism involves tracking how various interest rates and credit conditions respond to policy changes. Weighted average lending rate (WALR), weighted average domestic term deposit rate (WADTDR), and 1-year median MCLR (Marginal Cost of Funds based Lending Rate) are key indicators of how policy rate changes affect the rates charged by banks to borrowers and offered to depositors. These are crucial steps in the transmission process to the real economy.

WALR, WADTDR, and MCLR are standard indicators used to assess the pass-through of monetary policy changes to bank interest rates in India.

The SDF rate is a policy rate set by the RBI and is part of the monetary policy framework. While changes in the SDF rate *drive* the initial stages of transmission (especially in the money market), the rates like WALR, WADTDR, and MCLR are used to *observe* how the policy signal has been transmitted to the banking system’s retail rates. All four rates (including money market rates influenced by SDF) are tracked to understand MTM, but 1, 2, and 3 are direct indicators of transmission to the banking system’s interface with the public.

43. Which set of vegetables is underground stem or modified stem of a

Which set of vegetables is underground stem or modified stem of a plant?

Join Our Telegram Channel

Potato, artichoke, round gourd

Onion, garlic, carrot

Potato, onion, garlic

Potato, garlic, turnip

Answer is Right!

Answer is Wrong!

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

Download PDF Attempt Online

Potato (tuber), onion (bulb), and garlic (bulb) are all considered modified underground stems. A potato tuber is a swollen underground stem used for storage. An onion bulb is a short, modified stem surrounded by fleshy leaves. A garlic bulb is similar, consisting of a central stem with cloves that are modified leaves/buds.

Potato, onion, and garlic are examples of vegetables that are modified underground stems adapted for storage or reproduction.

Carrots and turnips are examples of taproots used for storage, not stems. Artichoke is a flower bud, and round gourd (Tinda) is a fruit.

44. An antibacterial enzyme present in saliva and tears is called

An antibacterial enzyme present in saliva and tears is called

ribozyme

lipase

lysozyme

isomerase

Answer is Right!

Answer is Wrong!

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

Download PDF Attempt Online

Lysozyme is an enzyme that damages bacterial cell walls by catalyzing the hydrolysis of peptidoglycans, which are major components of bacterial cell walls. It is found in various bodily secretions, including saliva, tears, mucus, and egg white, and serves as part of the innate immune system.

Lysozyme is an enzyme found in saliva and tears that breaks down bacterial cell walls, providing antibacterial protection.

Ribozymes are RNA molecules with catalytic activity. Lipase is an enzyme that digests fats. Isomerase is an enzyme that catalyzes the rearrangement of atoms within a molecule. While lipase is present in saliva (lingual lipase), lysozyme is primarily known for its antibacterial action in saliva and tears.

Join Our Telegram Channel

45. Microbodies found to be present in plant and animal cells contain

Microbodies found to be present in plant and animal cells contain

Join Our Telegram Channel

broken down membranes

enzymes

acidic fluids

waste metabolites

Answer is Right!

Answer is Wrong!

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

Download PDF Attempt Online

Microbodies are a class of small, membrane-bound organelles found in eukaryotic cells. They contain a variety of enzymes involved in metabolic reactions, such as breaking down fatty acids (in peroxisomes and glyoxysomes) or detoxification (in peroxisomes).

Microbodies are known for containing enzymes involved in specific metabolic pathways.

Examples of microbodies include peroxisomes (present in both plant and animal cells, involved in breaking down fatty acids and detoxification) and glyoxysomes (found specifically in plant cells, involved in converting stored lipids into carbohydrates during seed germination). Lysosomes contain acidic fluids and enzymes for degradation but are distinct from microbodies.

46. The use of plastics has led to a number of environment-related problem

The use of plastics has led to a number of environment-related problems. For this, which one of the following statements is correct?

Join Our Telegram Channel

They are non-biodegradable.

They do not get released into water and food.

They do not have any biochemical synthesis activity.

They are harmless to humans.

Answer is Right!

Answer is Wrong!

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

Download PDF Attempt Online

The main environmental problem associated with plastics is their persistence in the environment. This is because most plastics are not biodegradable, meaning they are not broken down by natural processes like microbial action within a reasonable timeframe.

Plastics are non-biodegradable and accumulate in the environment, leading to pollution of land, water, and air.

While plastics themselves might not have direct biochemical synthesis activity, their disposal and breakdown into microplastics can release harmful chemicals into the environment. They do get released into water bodies and can enter the food chain. Many types of plastics contain additives that are harmful to humans and wildlife.

47. Which cells in human body have no nucleus?

Which cells in human body have no nucleus?

Muscle cells

Phagocytic cells

Red blood cells

Ciliated cells

Answer is Right!

Answer is Wrong!

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

Download PDF Attempt Online

The correct answer is C. Red blood cells in the human body have no nucleus.

Mature mammalian red blood cells (erythrocytes) are unique among human cells in that they extrude their nucleus during development. This anucleated state, along with the absence of other organelles like mitochondria, maximizes the space available within the cell for hemoglobin, which is essential for oxygen transport.

Most other cells in the human body, including muscle cells, phagocytic cells (like white blood cells), and ciliated cells, contain a nucleus which houses the genetic material and controls cellular activities. The lack of a nucleus means that mature red blood cells cannot divide or synthesize proteins and have a limited lifespan.

Join Our Telegram Channel

48. Which of the following UN organisations has been awarded with Nobel Pr

Which of the following UN organisations has been awarded with Nobel Prize twice?

Join Our Telegram Channel

IPCC

IAEA

UNHCR

UNICEF

Answer is Right!

Answer is Wrong!

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

Download PDF Attempt Online

The correct answer is C. The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) has been awarded the Nobel Peace Prize twice.

UNHCR was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize in 1954 for its work assisting European refugees after World War II and again in 1981 for its worldwide refugee work.

Other UN-affiliated organizations have received the Nobel Peace Prize, including UNICEF (1965), IAEA (shared in 2005), and IPCC (shared in 2007), but only UNHCR has received it twice.

49. Which of the following statements as per the ‘Universal Declaration of

Which of the following statements as per the ‘Universal Declaration of Human Rights’ is/are correct?

Join Our Telegram Channel

1. The Declaration provides that everyone has a right to seek and enjoy in other country’s asylum from prosecution in respect of political crimes.
2. The Declaration provides that everyone has the freedom from arbitrary deprival of nationality, except for the freedom to change nationality.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

Answer is Right!

Answer is Wrong!

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

Download PDF Attempt Online

The correct answer is A. Statement 1 is correct, but Statement 2 is incorrect.

Statement 1 is correct. Article 14(1) of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) states that “Everyone has the right to seek and to enjoy in other countries asylum from persecution.” While it says ‘persecution’, this often includes persecution for political reasons, and prosecution for political crimes can constitute persecution. Article 14(2) provides an exception for “prosecutions genuinely arising from non-political crimes,” implying that asylum *can* be invoked for situations related to political matters.
Statement 2 is incorrect. Article 15 of the UDHR states both that “No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of his nationality” AND that everyone has the “right to change his nationality.” The statement’s phrasing “except for the freedom to change nationality” wrongly links the two rights, suggesting one is an exception to the other, which is not what Article 15 says.

Article 14 establishes the fundamental right to seek asylum, forming the basis for international refugee law. Article 15 protects the right to nationality and the freedom to change it, preventing statelessness and arbitrary denationalization.

50. Which of the following statements with respect to the right to have a

Which of the following statements with respect to the right to have a legal aid is/are correct?

Join Our Telegram Channel

1. Under the Constitution of India, it is given under the Directive Principles of State Policy.
2. It is the duty of the police to inform the nearest Legal Aid Committee immediately after the arrest of a person.

Select the correct answer using the code given below.

1 only

2 only

Both 1 and 2

Neither 1 nor 2

Answer is Right!

Answer is Wrong!

This question was previously asked in

UPSC CDS-1 – 2024

Download PDF Attempt Online

The correct answer is C. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct.

Statement 1 is correct as Article 39A, inserted by the 42nd Amendment, provides for free legal aid to the poor and weaker sections of society, ensuring justice is not denied due to economic or other disabilities. This is a Directive Principle of State Policy (Part IV).
Statement 2 is also correct. Following judgments of the Supreme Court and provisions of the Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, it is a statutory and constitutional mandate that an arrested person must be informed of their right to legal aid, and the police have the duty to facilitate access to legal aid services, which includes informing the relevant Legal Aid Committee.

The right to free legal aid has been recognized as a fundamental right implicit in Articles 14, 21, and 22(1) of the Constitution. The Legal Services Authorities Act, 1987, provides the framework for the provision of free legal services. Police manuals and procedures often require the arresting officer to inform the arrested person of this right and to notify the District Legal Services Authority or nearest Legal Aid Committee.