UPSC CDS-1

41. Who among the following is the President of Republic of the Union of

Who among the following is the President of Republic of the Union of Myanmar?

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Aung San Suu Kyi
Htin Kyaw
Myint Swe
Henry Van Thio
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Htin Kyaw was the President of Myanmar from March 2016 to March 2018. He was the first civilian president since the military coup of 1962 and a close confidante of Aung San Suu Kyi. Given the likely timeframe of the question (related to 2016 events and the 2020 Olympics), Htin Kyaw was the President of Myanmar during that period. Aung San Suu Kyi held the position of State Counsellor and was the de facto leader. Myint Swe and Henry Van Thio were Vice Presidents.
Htin Kyaw served as the President of Myanmar from March 2016 to March 2018.
Following Htin Kyaw’s resignation, Win Myint became President in March 2018. The military later seized power in a coup in February 2021, detaining the civilian leaders including Win Myint and Aung San Suu Kyi, and Myint Swe became the acting President.

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42. In which one of the following cities are the Summer Olympics, 2020 goi

In which one of the following cities are the Summer Olympics, 2020 going to be held?

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London
Paris
Tokyo
Moscow
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The Games of the XXXII Olympiad, commonly known as the 2020 Summer Olympics, were awarded to Tokyo, Japan. Although originally scheduled for 2020, they were postponed due to the COVID-19 pandemic and were held from July 23 to August 8, 2021, while retaining the “Tokyo 2020” branding.
Tokyo was the host city for the 2020 (held in 2021) Summer Olympics.
Other recent or upcoming Summer Olympics host cities include Rio de Janeiro (2016), Paris (2024), and Los Angeles (2028). London previously hosted in 2012, and Moscow hosted the Summer Olympics in 1980.

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43. BREXIT refers to the Great Britain leaving which one of the following?

BREXIT refers to the Great Britain leaving which one of the following?

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International Monetary Fund
Commonwealth
World Trade Organization
European Union
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BREXIT is a portmanteau of “British exit” and refers to the United Kingdom’s withdrawal from the European Union. The UK held a referendum on June 23, 2016, where voters decided to leave the EU. The process was formally initiated in March 2017 and the UK officially left the EU on January 31, 2020.
BREXIT specifically denotes the UK’s departure from the European Union.
The European Union (EU) is a political and economic union of member states located primarily in Europe. The withdrawal process was complex and involved negotiations on future relations, including trade. The term BREXIT gained widespread prominence following the 2016 referendum.

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44. Which one of the following sectors is not affected by the changes made

Which one of the following sectors is not affected by the changes made in the Foreign Direct Investment Policy in June 2016?

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Multi-brand retailing
Defence
Private security agencies
Manufacturing of small arms and ammunitions covered under the Arms Act, 1959
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The changes made in the Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) Policy in June 2016 significantly liberalized norms across various sectors. While sectors like defence, civil aviation, pharmaceuticals, private security agencies, and manufacturing of small arms and ammunitions saw substantial policy changes (increased FDI limits, shift to automatic route), the policy regarding Multi-brand retailing remained largely unchanged at 51% FDI subject to various conditions. Therefore, multi-brand retailing was the sector least affected by the specific *changes* announced in the June 2016 package compared to the other listed options which saw significant liberalization.
The June 2016 FDI policy changes focused on liberalizing norms in many sectors. Multi-brand retail FDI policy (51% with conditions) was not part of the major liberalization drive in this specific announcement.
The June 2016 FDI reform package included increasing FDI limits or bringing more activities under the automatic route in sectors such as Defence (up to 100%), Civil Aviation (up to 100% in airlines with certain conditions), Pharmaceuticals (up to 100%), Private Security Agencies (up to 74%), Manufacturing of small arms under Arms Act, 1959 (up to 100%), Food Products manufacturing and trading (100%), Broadcasting, etc. Multi-brand retail FDI continued to be governed by the existing policy.

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45. The Indian Navy in October 2016 commissioned the highly maneuverable f

The Indian Navy in October 2016 commissioned the highly maneuverable fast attack craft INS Tihayu. INS Tihayu would be based in

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Kochi
Panaji
Visakhapatnam
Mumbai
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The Indian Navy’s fast attack craft INS Tihayu, commissioned in October 2016, is based in Visakhapatnam.
INS Tihayu is part of the Tihayu-class (Car Nicobar Follow-On) series of fast attack craft built by Garden Reach Shipbuilders and Engineers (GRSE), Kolkata. These vessels are designed for coastal patrol, anti-piracy, and search and rescue operations.
Following its commissioning in October 2016, INS Tihayu was based at Visakhapatnam under the Eastern Naval Command, strategically positioned to enhance India’s maritime security along the eastern coast and in the Bay of Bengal.

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46. Which one of the following statements is correct in relation to the In

Which one of the following statements is correct in relation to the Indian Air Force?

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It has bases in many friendly countries.
It does not carry out joint exercises with any country.
It has a separate Maintenance Command.
No officer has ever been elevated to the rank of Marshal of the Indian Air Force.
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The statement that is correct in relation to the Indian Air Force is C) It has a separate Maintenance Command.
The Indian Air Force (IAF) is organised into several commands, each responsible for a specific area of operation or function. These include operational commands (like Western Air Command, Eastern Air Command, etc.) and functional commands such as Training Command, Maintenance Command, and Systems Command. The Maintenance Command is responsible for the maintenance, repair, and overhaul of IAF’s aircraft, equipment, and other assets.
Regarding the other statements:
A) The IAF operates from bases within India and can deploy to bases in friendly countries for joint exercises or specific operations, but it does not maintain permanent sovereign bases in many friendly countries.
B) The IAF regularly conducts joint exercises with air forces of various friendly countries (e.g., USA, France, UK, Oman, Russia, etc.) to enhance interoperability and mutual understanding.
D) Marshal of the Indian Air Force is the highest possible rank, an honorary rank equivalent to Field Marshal in the Army and Admiral of the Fleet in the Navy. As of 2024, only one officer, Arjan Singh, has been conferred this rank (in 2002).

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47. The rank of Captain of the Indian Navy is equivalent to which one of t

The rank of Captain of the Indian Navy is equivalent to which one of the following?

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Captain of the Indian Army
Group Captain in the Indian Air Force
Lieutenant Colonel of the Indian Army
Wing Commander of the Indian Air Force
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The rank of Captain in the Indian Navy is equivalent to the rank of Group Captain in the Indian Air Force.
The ranks across the three branches of the Indian Armed Forces are structured to have equivalents. The typical seniority progression that aligns across the services at this level is:
– Indian Army: Colonel
– Indian Navy: Captain
– Indian Air Force: Group Captain
To clarify the other options:
– Captain in the Indian Army is equivalent to Lieutenant in the Navy and Flight Lieutenant in the Air Force.
– Lieutenant Colonel of the Indian Army is equivalent to Commander in the Navy and Wing Commander in the Air Force.
– Wing Commander of the Indian Air Force is equivalent to Lieutenant Colonel in the Army and Commander in the Navy.

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48. Amartya Sen was awarded the Nobel Prize for his contribution to

Amartya Sen was awarded the Nobel Prize for his contribution to

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Monetary Economics
Welfare Economics
Environmental Economics
Development Economics
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Amartya Sen was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences in 1998 for his contributions to welfare economics.
His significant contributions include work on social choice theory, welfare economics, poverty, famine, and the measurement of well-being. His capabilities approach is particularly influential in development economics and welfare studies.
While his work has major implications for Development Economics, the Nobel Committee explicitly cited his contributions to welfare economics as the basis for the award. He is also known for his studies on the causes of famine, arguing that they result from failures in food distribution rather than just food production.

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49. Goods and Services Tax likely to be levied in India is not a

Goods and Services Tax likely to be levied in India is not a

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gross value tax
value-added tax
consumption tax
destination-based tax
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Goods and Services Tax (GST) levied in India is not a gross value tax.
GST is a Value-Added Tax (VAT). It is levied at each stage of the supply chain but the tax burden is ultimately borne by the final consumer. Businesses can claim Input Tax Credit (ITC) for the GST paid on inputs, ensuring that tax is levied only on the ‘value added’ at each stage, not on the total (gross) value.
GST is correctly described as:
– A Value-Added Tax (VAT): Taxes only the value addition at each stage.
– A Consumption Tax: Levied on the consumption of goods and services.
– A Destination-Based Tax: The tax accrues to the state where the consumption takes place.
A ‘gross value tax’ would imply a tax levied on the total turnover or sale value without allowing for input tax credits, which is not how GST functions.

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50. The Most Favoured Nation (MFN) Clause under WTO regime is based on the

The Most Favoured Nation (MFN) Clause under WTO regime is based on the principle of

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non-discrimination between nations
discrimination between nations
differential treatment between locals and foreigners
uniform tariff across commodities
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The Most Favoured Nation (MFN) clause under the WTO regime is based on the principle of non-discrimination between nations.
The MFN principle means that if a country grants a trade concession or advantage to one trading partner (WTO member), it must grant the same treatment to all other WTO members. For example, if a country reduces its tariff on imports of cars from one member country, it must reduce the tariff on car imports from all other WTO members to the same level. This ensures that trade barriers are lowered uniformly for all members, fostering a level playing field.
This principle is enshrined in Article I of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT), which is a key part of the WTO agreements. While there are certain exceptions allowed (e.g., Regional Trade Agreements like Free Trade Areas or Customs Unions, and provisions for developing countries), the core principle of MFN is non-discrimination among members.

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