The correct answer is: A. Parallel projection
Aerial photographs are taken from an airplane or satellite, and the camera lens is parallel to the ground. This means that the image on the photograph is a parallel projection of the scene below. In a parallel projection, all lines in the scene are projected onto the image plane parallel to their original direction. This results in a perspective-free image, with no apparent vanishing points.
Orthogonal projection is a type of parallel projection in which the projection rays are perpendicular to the image plane. This results in an image with no perspective distortion, and all objects in the scene appear to be the same size, regardless of their distance from the camera.
Central projection is a type of perspective projection in which the projection rays converge at a single point, called the center of projection. This results in an image with perspective distortion, and objects that are further away from the camera appear smaller than objects that are closer to the camera.
Therefore, the correct answer is A. Parallel projection.