A greater proportion of time is spent in planning on the A. top management level B. middle management level C. lower management level D. All of the above E. None of the above

The correct answer is: A. top management level.

Top management is responsible for the overall direction of the company and for setting long-term goals. This requires a significant amount of planning, as top managers need to consider a wide range of factors, such as the company’s current position, its competitors, and the economic environment.

Middle management is responsible for implementing the plans set by top management. This also requires some planning, as middle managers need to develop strategies for achieving the company’s goals. However, the amount of planning required at this level is typically less than at the top management level.

Lower management is responsible for day-to-day operations. This does not require a great deal of planning, as lower managers are typically following the plans developed by middle management.

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