The correct answer is C. Inferential statistics.
Inferential statistics is a branch of statistics that deals with the estimation and prediction of population characteristics from sample data. It is used to make inferences about a population based on a sample of that population.
Descriptive statistics is a branch of statistics that deals with the description of data. It is used to summarize data and to make it easier to understand.
Exploratory data analysis is a branch of statistics that deals with the exploration of data. It is used to find patterns and trends in data.
Data preprocessing is a step in the data analysis process that involves cleaning and transforming data. It is used to make data more accurate and easier to analyze.
Here are some examples of inferential statistics:
- Estimating the mean height of all adults in the United States from a sample of 100 adults.
- Predicting the probability of a customer making a purchase based on their past purchase history.
- Testing the hypothesis that there is a difference in the mean salaries of men and women.
Inferential statistics is a powerful tool that can be used to make informed decisions about a population based on a sample of that population.