The correct answer is: A. a small page size causes large page tables.
A small page size causes internal fragmentation to increase. Internal fragmentation is the wasted space that occurs when a process is allocated a page that is larger than the process itself. This can happen when a process is only using a small portion of a page, but the entire page is allocated to the process.
A large page size can cause instructions and data that will not be referenced to be brought into primary storage. This can happen when a process is allocated a page that is larger than the process itself, but the process only uses a small portion of the page. The unused portion of the page will be brought into primary storage, even though it will not be referenced by the process.
I/O transfers are more efficient with large pages. This is because large pages can be transferred to and from primary storage in fewer I/O operations.
Therefore, the statement “a small page size causes large page tables” is false.