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The objective of the agreement was for Iran to dismantle a significant part of its nuclear program and allow for more extensiveinternational inspections.In return, billions of dollars worth of sanctions relief was granted to Iran.

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The proponents of the agreement believed it would help prevent the revival of Irans nuclear weapons program and reduce conflict

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with regional rivals such as Israel and Saudi Arabia.

The index is created by Walk Free, a human rights organization, and is based on data from the Global Estimates of Modern Slavery, produced by theInternational Labour Organization (ILO), Walk Free, andInternational Organization for Migration (IOM).

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The countries with the highest prevalence of modern slavery include North Korea, Eritrea, Mauritania, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and Tajikistan.

The countries with

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the lowest prevalence include Switzerland, Norway, Germany, Netherlands, and Sweden.

About Samagra Shiksha:

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It is a comprehensive school Education scheme that runs from pre-school to class XII.

The goal is to provide inclusive and equitable quality education at all levels

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of schooling.

It encompasses three schemes: Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA), Rashtriya

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Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA), and Teacher Education (TE).

The main emphasis is on improving the quality of school education by focusing on the two Ts Teacher and Technology.

About PRABANDH Portal:

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PRABANDH (PRoject Appraisal, BUDGETING, Achievements, and Data Handling System) is a step toward using technology to improve efficiency and

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manage implementation.

It will allow for greater transparency and accuracy.

Online Module for Compiling Out-of-School Childrens Data

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The Ministry of Education has created an online module for collecting out-of-school (due to the Covid-19 pandemic) children’s data identified by each State/UT. The collected data will be mapped with special training centres on Samagra Shiksha’s PRABANDH portal.

Highlights:

The government will facilitate age-appropriate admissions of children aged 6 to 14 years through the online

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module.

Financial assistance will be provided to out-of-school children aged 16 to 18 in the 2021-22 school year.

Project O2 for India

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The Office of the Principal Scientific Adviser, Government of India’s Project O2 for India’ is to enable stakeholders to work together to improve the country’s ability to meet the rise in demand for medical Oxygen in the aftermath of the second wave of the covid pandemic.

As part of Project O2 for India, a National Consortium of Oxygen is enabling the national supply of critical raw materials such as zeolites, the establishment of small oxygen Plants, the manufacture of compressors and final

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products includes oxygen plants, ventilators and concentrators .

Through an initiative called ‘Project O2,’ these funds will be used to produce medical oxygen for various Health facilities in India.

Operation Oliva for Olive Ridley Turtles

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The INDIAN COAST GUARD has deployed an aircraft for ‘Operation Oliva,’ which aims to protect Olive Ridley turtles.

Highlights:

In the early 1980s, Operation Oliva was launched.

From November to December each year, Operation Olivia helps protect Olive Ridley sea turtles as they gather on the coast of Odisha for breeding and nesting.

About Olive Ridley Turtles:

They are the world’s smallest and most abundant sea turtles, and they are carnivores.

Over the course of a year, they migrate thousands of kilometres between feeding and mating grounds. They are best known for their unique mass nesting called Arribada,

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in which thousands of females gather on the same beach to lay eggs.

They live in the warm waters of the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Oceans.

The Gahirmatha Marine Sanctuary in Odisha is Home to the world’s largest sea turtle rookery.

PASIPHAE – A Sky Surveying Project

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The Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics (IUCAA) in India is developing the Wide Area Linear Optical Polarimeter (WALOP). WALOP is a critical component of the PASIPHAE Project. The Polar-Areas Stellar-Imaging in Polarisation High-Accuracy Experiment (PASIPHAE) is a collaborative international sky surveying project.

It is an Opto polarimetric survey with the goal of measuring the linear polarisation of millions of stars.

The survey will use 2 high-tech optical polarimeters to simultaneously observe the southern and northern sky.

The survey will be carried out simultaneously from the South African Astronomical

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Observatory in Sutherland, South Africa, in the southern hemisphere, and the Skinakas Observatory in Crete, Greece, in the north.

Pulitzer Prize 2021 Have Been Announced

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The hundred and fifth Classification of Pulitzer Prize 2021 winners in Journalism, Books, Drama and Music have been announced.

The Pulitzer Prize is an award for achievements in various categories like newspaper, magazine and online journalism, literature, and musical composition in the United States. It used to be set up in 1917 via provisions in the will of American (Hungarian-born) Joseph Pulitzer who had made his fortune as a newspaper publisher and is administered by way of Columbia University in New York City. In twenty-two of the categories, each winner receives a certificate and a US $15,000 award (raised from $10,000 in 2017). The winner in the

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category of Public Service is awarded a gold medal.

The nation’s first power-free CPAP device, Jivan Vayu, was developed by IIT Ropar.

Jivan Vayu can be used in place of CPAP machines.

It is India’s first such device that works without electricity and is compatible with both types of Oxygen generation units, such as O2 cylinders and oxygen pipelines in hospitals.

These features are not available in existing CPAP machines.

Continuous positive airway pressure therapy (CPAP) employs a machine to assist a person suffering from obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in breathing more easily while sleeping.

A CPAP machine raises the air pressure in your throat, preventing your airway from collapsing when you breathe in.

CPAP is a form of positive airway pressure (PAP) ventilation in which

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a constant pressure level above Atmospheric Pressure is continuously applied to a person’s upper respiratory tract.

Resolution 75/260 of UNGA

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The Union Health Minister gave a speech on HIV/AIDS prevention at the 75th session of the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA). The UNGA Resolution 75/260 addresses the implementation of the HIV/AIDS Declaration of Commitment and the political declarations on HIV/AIDS.

The concept of

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Social Contracting,’ through which the Targeted Interventions Program,’ is central to India’s unique HIV prevention model.

The HIV and AIDS Prevention and Control Act of 2017 establishes a legal and regulatory framework

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to protect the Human Rights of infected and affected populations.

In India, nearly 1.4 million people are receiving free anti-retroviral treatment.