WHITE REVOLUTION IN INDIA

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White Revolution IN INDIA

 

  • The package programme adopted to increase the production of milk is known as White Revolution in India.
  • The White Revolution in India occurred in 1970, when the National Dairy Development Board (NDDB) was established to organize the dairy development through the co-operative societies.
  • Varghese Kuerin was the father of White Revolution in India.
  • The dairy development programme through co-operative societies was first established in the state of Gujarat.
  • The co-operative societies were most successful in the Anand District of Gujarat. The co-operative societies are owned and managed by the milk producers.
  • These co-operatives apart from financial help also provide consultancy.
  • The increase in milk production has also been termed as Operation Flood.

Objectives

  1. The procurement, transportation, storage of milk at the chilling Plants.
  2. Provide cattle feed.
  3. Production of wide varieties of milk products and their Marketing management.
  4. Provide superior breeds of cattle (cows and buffaloes), Health service, veterinary treatment, and artificial insemination facilities.
  5. Provide extension service.

 

Achievements

  • Some of the important achievements of the White Revolution are as under:
  1. The White Revolution made a Sound impact on rural masses and encouraged them to take up dairying as a subsidiary occupation.
  2. India has become the leading producer of milk in the world.
  3. The import of milk and milk production has been reduced substantially.
  4. The small and marginal farmers and the landless labourers have been especially benefitted from the White Revolution.
  5. To ensure the success of Operation Flood Programme, research centres have been set up at Anand, Mehsana, and Palanpur (Banaskantha). Moreover, three regional centres are functioning at Siliguri, Jalandhar, and Erode. Presently, there are metro dairies in 10 metropolitan cities of the country, beside 40 plants with capacity to handle more than one lakh litres of milk.
  6. Livestock Insurance Scheme was approved in February 2006 and in 2006-07 on a pilot basis in 100 selected districts across the country. The scheme aims at protecting the farmers against losses due to untimely 2. In most of the villages the cattle are kept under unhygienic conditions.death of animals.
  7. To improve the quality of livestock, extensive cross breeding has been launched.
  8. For ensuring the maintenance of disease-free status, major health schemes have been initiated.
  9. The government implemented livestock insurance on pilot basis in 2005-06.

 

Problems and Prospects

  1. Collection of milk from the remote areas is expensive, time consuming, and not viable economically.
  2. In most of the villages the cattle are kept under unhygienic conditions.
  3. There are inadequate marketing facilities. The marketing Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE needs much improvement.
  4. The breeds of cattle is generally inferior.
  5. The extension service programme is not effective.

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The White Revolution in India was a period of Economic Development in the dairy sector that began in the 1970s. It was led by the government of Indira Gandhi, who wanted to make India self-sufficient in milk production. The government implemented a number of policies to achieve this goal, including providing subsidies to farmers, building dairy cooperatives, and importing high-quality cattle. As a result of these efforts, India’s milk production increased significantly. By the end of the 1980s, India was the world’s largest producer of milk.

The White Revolution had a number of positive effects on India. It helped to increase rural incomes, improve Nutrition, and reduce POVERTY. It also helped to promote Equality/”>Gender Equality, as Women were often the primary beneficiaries of the government’s dairy programs. However, the White Revolution also had some negative effects. It led to the displacement of some farmers, and it increased the use of pesticides and Fertilizers, which can have negative environmental consequences.

Overall, the White Revolution was a successful development program that had a positive impact on India. It helped to improve the lives of millions of people, and it made India a major player in the global dairy market.

History of the White Revolution

The White Revolution was a period of economic development in the dairy sector that began in the 1970s. It was led by the government of Indira Gandhi, who wanted to make India self-sufficient in milk production. The government implemented a number of policies to achieve this goal, including providing subsidies to farmers, building dairy cooperatives, and importing high-quality cattle. As a result of these efforts, India’s milk production increased significantly. By the end of the 1980s, India was the world’s largest producer of milk.

The White Revolution was based on the idea of cooperative dairying. The government established a number of dairy cooperatives, which provided farmers with a way to sell their milk at a fair price. The cooperatives also provided farmers with training and support. As a result of the White Revolution, India’s dairy sector became more efficient and productive.

Policies of the White Revolution

The government of India implemented a number of policies to promote the White Revolution. These policies included:

  • Providing subsidies to farmers: The government provided subsidies to farmers who purchased high-quality cattle. This helped to increase the number of high-quality cattle in India.
  • Building dairy cooperatives: The government built a number of dairy cooperatives, which provided farmers with a way to sell their milk at a fair price. The cooperatives also provided farmers with training and support.
  • Importing high-quality cattle: The government imported high-quality cattle from other countries. This helped to improve the quality of India’s dairy herd.
  • Promoting artificial insemination: The government promoted artificial insemination, which helped to improve the quality of India’s dairy herd.
  • Providing training and support to farmers: The government provided training and support to farmers on how to improve their dairy production.

Impact of the White Revolution

The White Revolution had a number of positive effects on India. These effects included:

  • Increased rural incomes: The White Revolution helped to increase rural incomes. This was because farmers were able to sell their milk at a fair price through the dairy cooperatives.
  • Improved nutrition: The White Revolution helped to improve nutrition in India. This was because more people had access to milk, which is a good source of protein and other nutrients.
  • Reduced poverty: The White Revolution helped to reduce Poverty in India. This was because farmers were able to earn more Money from selling their milk.
  • Promoted gender equality: The White Revolution helped to promote gender equality in India. This was because women were often the primary beneficiaries of the government’s dairy programs.

Criticism of the White Revolution

The White Revolution also had some negative effects. These effects included:

  • Displacement of farmers: The White Revolution led to the displacement of some farmers. This was because the government’s policies favored large-scale dairy farms over small-scale farms.
  • Increased use of pesticides and fertilizers: The White Revolution led to an increase in the use of pesticides and fertilizers. This can have negative environmental consequences.
  • Concentration of wealth: The White Revolution led to a concentration of wealth in the hands of a few large dairy farmers. This made it difficult for small-scale farmers to compete.

Legacy of the White Revolution

Overall, the White Revolution was a successful development program that had a positive impact on India. It helped to improve the lives of millions of people, and it made India a major player in the global dairy market. However, the White Revolution also had some negative effects, such as the displacement of some farmers and the concentration of wealth.

Here are some frequently asked questions and short answers about the White Revolution in India:

  1. What is the White Revolution?
    The White Revolution, also known as the Operation Flood, was a campaign launched by the Government of India in the 1970s to increase milk production and improve the lives of dairy farmers.

  2. What were the goals of the White Revolution?
    The goals of the White Revolution were to increase milk production by 200%, to improve the lives of dairy farmers, and to make India self-sufficient in milk production.

  3. How was the White Revolution successful?
    The White Revolution was successful in achieving its goals. Milk production increased by 200%, the lives of dairy farmers were improved, and India became self-sufficient in milk production.

  4. What were some of the key initiatives of the White Revolution?
    Some of the key initiatives of the White Revolution were the establishment of milk cooperatives, the provision of credit and subsidies to dairy farmers, and the development of new dairy technologies.

  5. What were some of the challenges faced by the White Revolution?
    Some of the challenges faced by the White Revolution were the lack of infrastructure, the low level of Education among dairy farmers, and the competition from imported milk.

  6. What was the impact of the White Revolution on India?
    The White Revolution had a significant impact on India. It helped to improve the lives of millions of dairy farmers, it made India self-sufficient in milk production, and it boosted the Indian economy.

  7. What are some of the criticisms of the White Revolution?
    Some of the criticisms of the White Revolution are that it led to the concentration of milk production in the hands of a few large cooperatives, that it did not benefit all dairy farmers equally, and that it had a negative impact on the Environment.

  8. What is the future of the White Revolution?
    The future of the White Revolution is uncertain. The Indian government has announced plans to reduce its subsidies to dairy farmers, which could lead to a decline in milk production. However, the White Revolution has also created a strong foundation for the dairy Industry in India, which is likely to continue to grow in the future.

The following are MCQs on the topics of the Green Revolution, the White Revolution, and the Blue Revolution:

  1. The Green Revolution was a period of agricultural development that began in the 1940s and 1950s. It was a response to the need to increase food production in order to feed the growing Population of the world. The Green Revolution was successful in increasing food production, but it also had some negative consequences, such as the overuse of pesticides and fertilizers.

  2. The White Revolution was a period of agricultural development that began in the 1970s. It was a response to the need to increase milk production in order to feed the growing population of the world. The White Revolution was successful in increasing milk production, but it also had some negative consequences, such as the overuse of antibiotics and HORMONES.

  3. The Blue Revolution is a period of agricultural development that began in the 2000s. It is a response to the need to increase fish production in order to feed the growing population of the world. The Blue Revolution is still in its early stages, but it has the potential to be very successful.

  4. Which of the following is not a goal of the Green Revolution?
    (A) To increase food production
    (B) To reduce the use of pesticides and fertilizers
    (C) To improve the Quality Of Life for farmers
    (D) To make food more affordable for consumers

  5. Which of the following is not a goal of the White Revolution?
    (A) To increase milk production
    (B) To improve the quality of life for dairy farmers
    (C) To make milk more affordable for consumers
    (D) To reduce the use of antibiotics and hormones

  6. Which of the following is not a goal of the Blue Revolution?
    (A) To increase fish production
    (B) To improve the quality of life for fishermen
    (C) To make fish more affordable for consumers
    (D) To reduce the use of overfishing practices

  7. The Green Revolution was successful in increasing food production, but it also had some negative consequences. Which of the following is not a negative consequence of the Green Revolution?
    (A) The overuse of pesticides and fertilizers
    (B) The decline in Biodiversity-2/”>Biodiversity
    (C) The increase in Soil erosion
    (D) The increase in Water Pollution

  8. The White Revolution was successful in increasing milk production, but it also had some negative consequences. Which of the following is not a negative consequence of the White Revolution?
    (A) The overuse of antibiotics and hormones
    (B) The decline in the quality of milk
    (C) The increase in animal welfare concerns
    (D) The increase in greenhouse gas emissions

  9. The Blue Revolution is still in its early stages, but it has the potential to be very successful. Which of the following is not a potential benefit of the Blue Revolution?
    (A) Increased Food Security
    (B) Reduced poverty
    (C) Improved livelihoods for fishermen
    (D) Increased Environmental Degradation

  10. Which of the following is the most important lesson that we can learn from the Green Revolution, the White Revolution, and the Blue Revolution?
    (A) We need to be careful about the unintended consequences of agricultural development
    (B) We need to find ways to increase food production without harming the environment
    (C) We need to make sure that agricultural development benefits everyone, not just a few
    (D) All of the above

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