Became Governor in 1772 and Governor-General in 1773 through Regulating Act of 1773
1. His four councillors were Clavering, Francis, Monson and Barwell
2. Abolished Dual system (1767-1772) of administration (1772)
3. Auctioned the right to collect land revenue to the highest bidder (1772)
4. Divided Bengal into districts and appointed Collectors (1772)
5. Rohilla war (1774) and annexation of Rohilkhand by the Nawab of Awadh with the help of Britishers.
6. Treaty of Surat (1775) between Raghunath Rao and Warren Hastings, but Council of Calcutta rejected it
7. Nanad Kumar incident (1775)
8. Treaty of Purandar (1776) between English and Peshwa
9. Refined Hindu and Muslim laws. A translation of the code in Sanskrit appeared in 1776 under the title of “Code of Gentoo Laws”
10. Chait Singh (Banaras Raja) affair (1778)
11. James Augustus Hickey started a weekly paper called Bengal Gazette or Calcutta General Advertiser (1780)
12. First (1st) Anglo-Maratha War (1776-82) and Treaty of Salbai(1782)
13. Begums of Oudh / Awadh affair (1782)
14. Founded Asiatic Society of Bengal with William Jones in 1784
15. Pitts India Act of 1784
16. Second (2nd) Anglo-Mysore War (1780-84) and Treaty of Mangalore (1785) with Tipu Sultan
17. Started Diwani and Faujdari adalat at the district level and Sadar diwani and Nizamat adalats (appellate courts) at Calcutta.
18. Wrote introduction to the first English translation of the Gita by Charles Wilkins
Abolition of the Dual System
Hastings abolished the Dual System that had been established by Robert Clive. In the Dual System, the company had Diwani rights (rights to collect revenue) and the Nizam or Indian chiefs had the administrative authority.
The Nawab’s annual allowance of Rs.32 lakh was reduced to Rs.16 lakh.
The annual tribute paid to the Mughal Emperor was also stopped.
Revenue Reforms
For revenue collection, a Board of Revenue was set up at Calcutta.
Treasury was moved from Murshidabad to Calcutta. Calcutta became Bengal’s capital in 1772.
British collectors were appointed for each district and an Accountant General was also appointed.
Unreasonable fines were done away with and restrictions were placed on the raising of rent.
Judicial Reforms
The judicial powers of the Zamindars were abolished.
Civil and criminal courts were established. Two appellate courts were established at Calcutta, one for civil (Sadar Diwani Adalat) and one for criminal (Sadar Nizamat Adalat) cases.
The criminal court was to have an Indian judge.
Muslims were to be tried according to their law in the Koran and Hindus, according to Hindu laws. A code of Hindu Law, prepared by Hindu Pandits was translated into English.
He also came down heavily on the dacoits in Bengal.
Trade Regulations
Hastings abolished the system of dastaks which were misused by company officials and traders earlier.
He enforced a uniform tarrif of 2.5% for Indian and foreign goods.
Private trade by company officials was restricted.
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Warren Hastings was the first Governor-General of India, serving from 1773 to 1785. He was born in London in 1732, the son of a lawyer. Hastings studied law at the Middle Temple, and was called to the bar in 1753. He then went to India to seek his fortune.
Hastings began his career in India as a clerk in the East India Company. He quickly rose through the ranks, and in 1757 he was appointed to the Council of Bengal. In 1761, he was made the Resident at Murshidabad, the capital of Bengal.
In 1772, Hastings was appointed Governor-General of India. He was a strong and effective leader, and he oversaw a period of great expansion for the British East India Company. He also introduced a number of reforms, including the establishment of a Supreme Court in Calcutta.
However, Hastings’s tenure as Governor-General was also marked by controversy. He was accused of Corruption and of using his position to enrich himself. In 1787, he was impeached by the House of Commons. The impeachment trial lasted for seven years, and Hastings was eventually acquitted.
After his acquittal, Hastings retired from public life. He died in London in 1818.
Warren Hastings was a complex and controversial figure. He was a brilliant administrator and a strong leader, but he was also accused of corruption and of using his position for personal gain. His impeachment trial was one of the most famous trials in British history.
Early life
Warren Hastings was born in London on 6 December 1732. His father, John Hastings, was a lawyer, and his mother, Anne Halsey, was the daughter of a clergyman. Hastings was the eldest of four children.
Hastings was educated at Westminster School and Christ Church, Oxford. He studied law at the Middle Temple, and was called to the bar in 1753.
Career in India
In 1750, Hastings went to India to seek his fortune. He joined the East India Company, and was appointed to the Council of Bengal in 1757. In 1761, he was made the Resident at Murshidabad, the capital of Bengal.
In 1772, Hastings was appointed Governor-General of India. He was a strong and effective leader, and he oversaw a period of great expansion for the British East India Company. He also introduced a number of reforms, including the establishment of a Supreme Court in Calcutta.
However, Hastings’s tenure as Governor-General was also marked by controversy. He was accused of corruption and of using his position to enrich himself. In 1787, he was impeached by the House of Commons. The impeachment trial lasted for seven years, and Hastings was eventually acquitted.
After his acquittal, Hastings retired from public life. He died in London in 1818.
Governor-General of India
Hastings was appointed Governor-General of India in 1772. He was the first person to hold this position, and he served until 1785.
Hastings was a strong and effective leader. He oversaw a period of great expansion for the British East India Company. He also introduced a number of reforms, including the establishment of a Supreme Court in Calcutta.
However, Hastings’s tenure as Governor-General was also marked by controversy. He was accused of corruption and of using his position to enrich himself. In 1787, he was impeached by the House of Commons. The impeachment trial lasted for seven years, and Hastings was eventually acquitted.
Impeachment
In 1787, Hastings was impeached by the House of Commons. He was accused of corruption and of using his position to enrich himself. The impeachment trial lasted for seven years, and Hastings was eventually acquitted.
The impeachment trial was one of the most famous trials in British history. It was a complex and controversial case, and it divided public opinion.
Later life
After his acquittal, Hastings retired from public life. He died in London in 1818.
Legacy
Warren Hastings was a complex and controversial figure. He was a brilliant administrator and a strong leader, but he was also accused of corruption and of using his position for personal gain. His impeachment trial was one of the most famous trials in British history.
Hastings’s legacy is still debated today. Some historians see him as a hero who helped to expand the British Empire. Others see him as a villain who was corrupt and used his position for personal gain.
Whatever one’s opinion of Hastings, there is no doubt that he was a significant figure in British history.
Who was Warren Hastings?
Warren Hastings was the first Governor-General of India. He was born in 1732 in London, England. He arrived in India in 1750 and worked for the East India Company. He became Governor-General in 1773 and served until 1785. He was impeached in 1787 for his actions as Governor-General, but he was acquitted in 1795. He died in 1818.
What were some of Warren Hastings’ accomplishments?
Warren Hastings was a controversial figure, but he also made some important contributions to India. He established a system of civil government in India, and he also promoted Education and Economic Development. He also helped to expand the British Empire in India.
What were some of Warren Hastings’ failures?
Warren Hastings was also responsible for some of the worst abuses of the British Raj. He was accused of corruption and of using his power to enrich himself and his friends. He was also accused of cruelty to the Indian people.
What was the impeachment of Warren Hastings?
Warren Hastings was impeached in 1787 by the House of Commons for his actions as Governor-General of India. He was accused of corruption, of using his power to enrich himself and his friends, and of cruelty to the Indian people. He was tried by the House of Lords, but he was acquitted in 1795.
What was the impact of the impeachment of Warren Hastings?
The impeachment of Warren Hastings was a major event in British history. It was the first time that a British official had been impeached for his actions in India. The impeachment also raised important questions about the British Empire and the rights of the Indian people.
What was the legacy of Warren Hastings?
Warren Hastings is a controversial figure in Indian history. He is seen by some as a hero who helped to modernize India, while others see him as a villain who exploited the Indian people. His legacy is still debated today.
Sure, here are some multiple choice questions about the topics of the British East India Company, the Indian Rebellion of 1857, and the Sepoy Mutiny:
The British East India Company was a _____.
(A) trading company
(B) military organization
(C) political party
(D) religious organization
The Indian Rebellion of 1857 was also known as the _____.
(A) Sepoy Mutiny
(B) Indian Mutiny
(C) Indian War of Independence
(D) Indian Revolution
The Sepoy Mutiny was a revolt by _____.
(A) British soldiers
(B) Indian soldiers
(C) British civilians
(D) Indian civilians
The Sepoy Mutiny was caused by _____.
(A) British rule in India
(B) religious differences between Hindus and Muslims
(C) economic inequality in India
(D) all of the above
The Sepoy Mutiny was ultimately unsuccessful because _____.
(A) the British were able to suppress the rebellion
(B) the Indian soldiers were not united
(C) the Indian civilians did not support the rebellion
(D) all of the above
The Sepoy Mutiny had a significant impact on India because _____.
(A) it led to the end of British rule in India
(B) it led to the creation of the Indian National Congress
(C) it led to the partition of India
(D) all of the above
The Sepoy Mutiny is still remembered today because _____.
(A) it was a major turning point in Indian history
(B) it was a brutal and bloody conflict
(C) it is a reminder of the challenges of British rule in India
(D) all of the above
The Sepoy Mutiny is a controversial topic because _____.
(A) there is disagreement about the causes of the rebellion
(B) there is disagreement about the role of the British in the rebellion
(C) there is disagreement about the legacy of the rebellion
(D) all of the above
The Sepoy Mutiny is a complex event that cannot be easily explained. However, it is clear that it had a significant impact on India and its people.