Vegetation of Nagaland

<<–2/”>a >em>Vegetation of Nagaland

• The Vegetation of Nagaland represents the transition zone between the Indian, Indo-Malayan, Indo-Chinese bio-geographic region as well as a meeting place of Himalayan Mountains with that of Peninsular India and therefore acts as a bio-geographic gateway.
• Many ancient angiosperms and primitive flowering Plants are found here and therefore this area is considered as a cradle of flowering plants.
• Several groups of plants of Orchids, Rhododendrons, Ferns, Bamboos, Zingibers and Lichens have expressed their maximum diversity in this State.
• The State is also considered as one of the centers of origin of rice and secondary origin of citrus, chilly and maize.
• The State is also known to have a great treasure of medicinal plants, orchids, bamboos, canes, bryophytes and animal diversity.
• Forest resource has been playing an integral role in the lives of Naga people since distant past.
• Although Nagaland forest constitutes only 1.70% of total India’s forest, it is among the few proud states in India where virgin forest can still be found.
• It harbours very rich and unique Biodiversity-2/”>Biodiversity with the state being a part of the Indo -Burma biodiversity hot spot.
• Unfortunately, according to Forest Survey of India report-2013, Nagaland has been ranked first with respect to highest decrease of forest cover in India.
• Nagaland is very rich in bio-diversity, both Flora and Fauna. Even today some pockets of forests are covered with gigantic trees, where sun- rays can not penetrate.
• Due to reckless and uncontrolled cutting of trees for timber, firewood, continued Jhum cultivation and annual fire in vast tracts of land, forests got degraded and barren, which accelerated diminishing of the most of the original characteristics of the forests of Vegetation of Nagaland.
• This calls for an urgent action to prevent further degradation of forest resource and to inculcate sustainable life style among the people.
• According to the report, the main reason for decrease in forest cover in the state is biotic pressure, particularly the shortening of shifting cultivation cycle.
• Nagaland state is endowed with rich biodiversity. Its beautiful landscape has luxuriant forest vegetation with high density of flora, plentiful number of species. Hence considered as one of the floristic hotspot in India.
• It lies between 25° 6´ and 27°4´ N of latitude, 93°20´ E and 95°15´ E longitude which is generally a sub-tropical climatic zone
• The state has a total land area of 16, 57,583 hectares; out of which forest occupy an area approximately 8, 62,930 hectares.
• Beautiful suitable environmental conditions coupled with varying physiographical features favours the natural habitat for a large number of orchid species.
• Of the many species of flora, family orchidaceae represents the most distinguished and diverse flowering plants of the state adding another status to the natural beauty

FOREST Classification

• Nagaland has several types of forests, mainly because the state is mostly tropical, and the altitudes range from a few hundred meters to about four thousand meters.
• The major types of forests found in the state, as per the classification of Champion & Seth, are as follows.

Northern Tropical Wet Evergreen Forest

• These forests once covered the Namsa-Tizit area but now only a small vistge is found in th Zankam area.
• It is found only in Mon District.
• The dominanat species in this type of forest are Hollong (Dipterocarpus macrocarpus), Makai (Shorea assamica), Nahor (Mesua ferrea) etc.

Northern Tropical Semi Evergreen Forest

• These types of forests are found in the foothills of Assam-Nagaland border in Mokokchung, Wokha and Kohima Districts.
• The species that make up this forest are similar to those of the Northern Tropical Wet Evergreen Forests.
• The only difference is that in the former case the evergreen species dominate though there are deciduous species like Bhelu (Tetrameles nudiflora), Paroli (Stereospermum chelonoides), Jutuli (Altingia excels) etc, whereas in the present case, the number of evergreen species decreases and the deciduous species are more in number.

Northern Sub-Tropical Broad Leave Wet Hill Forests

• These types of forests are found in the hill areas below 1800m and above 500m in all the districts of Nagaland.
• The wet evergreen species are conspicuous by their absence and the dominant species are mostly semi-deciduous.
• Some of the important timber species in this type are Koroi, Pomas, Sopas, Gamari, Hollock, Sam, Am, Badam, Betula etc.

Northern Sub-Tropical Pine Forest

• These types of forests are found in hills with evalution of 1000m to 1500m in parts of Phek and Tuensang Districts of Nagaland.
• Pine is the dominant species, and is found mixed with Quercus, Schima, Prunus, Betula and Rhododendron.

Northern Montana Wet Temperate Forests

• These types of forests are found on the higher reaches of the tallest mountains (above 2500m) like Saramati and Dzükou area.
• The species that dominate are Rhododendron, Oaks, Birch and Juniperus sp.

Alpine Forests

• Alpine vegetation is found at high altitudes in ridges of Saramati range, which remains covered with snow for major part of the year from October to April.
• After melting of the snow during the brief summer a few annuals, herbs and shrubs along with mosses can be seen growing there.
• Species of Rhododendron, Abies, and Juniperus are found in sub alpine vegetation gradually merges into alpine vegetation which comprises of high altitude Grasses and dwarf Rhododendrons.
• Many members of Primulaceae, Saxifragaceae, and Polygonaceae families are also found.

Biodiversity hotspot of Vegetation of Nagaland:

• Biodiversity hot-spot areas identified in the State are Saramati, Helipong, Tizit Valley, Longkhum, Meinkong, Changikong, Mount Tiyi, Baghty Valley, Japfu, Shilloi Lake, Dzulekie, Janglangshu & Manaksha area, Akhunato area, Mount Pauna Range, Mount Kissa Range, Intangki NP, Fakim WLS and Singphan Wildlife Sanctuary.

Bamboo Resources in the Vegetation of Nagaland:

• Bamboo is found extensively all over the State as a predominant plant in the foothill regions of Peren, Dimapur, Wokha, Mon and Mokokchung districts.
• It also occurs mixed with other forest species in other districts of the State.
• The State’s bamboo resource accounts for 5% of the national bamboo resource which amounts to 0.0448 million hectares or 4,48,000 hectares.
• So far 46 species of bamboos have been reported from the State.
• The predominant species found are Dendrocalamus hamiltonii, Bambusa tulda, Bambusa pallida, Schizostychum dullooa.
• With the revival of Tuli Paper Mill and promotion of other bamboo enterprises the resource requirement of the State is estimated at 5 lakh MT per annum.

Forest Cover Map of Nagaland

 

 

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The vegetation of Nagaland is diverse, ranging from tropical rainforests in the south to temperate forests in the north. The state is home to a variety of plant species, including orchids, rhododendrons, and bamboo. The forests of Nagaland are an important source of timber and other forest products. They also play a vital role in the state’s economy, providing EMPLOYMENT for many people.

Forests of Nagaland

The forests of Nagaland cover about 70% of the state’s land area. They are home to a variety of plant species, including trees, shrubs, herbs, and grasses. The forests are also home to a variety of animals, including elephants, tigers, leopards, and deer.

The forests of Nagaland are important for a number of reasons. They provide a habitat for wildlife, they help to regulate the Climate, and they provide a source of timber and other forest products. The forests also play a vital role in the state’s economy, providing employment for many people.

Plant species of Nagaland

The plant species of Nagaland are diverse, ranging from tropical rainforests in the south to temperate forests in the north. The state is home to a variety of plant species, including orchids, rhododendrons, and bamboo.

Orchids are one of the most popular plant species in Nagaland. There are over 500 species of orchids found in the state, including some of the rarest and most beautiful orchids in the world. Rhododendrons are another popular plant species in Nagaland. There are over 100 species of rhododendrons found in the state, including some of the most colorful and fragrant rhododendrons in the world. Bamboo is another important plant species in Nagaland. It is used for a variety of purposes, including construction, furniture making, and food.

Economic importance of forests of Nagaland

The forests of Nagaland are an important source of timber and other forest products. They also play a vital role in the state’s economy, providing employment for many people.

Timber is one of the most important forest products in Nagaland. It is used for a variety of purposes, including construction, furniture making, and paper making. Other forest products include bamboo, honey, and medicinal plants.

The forests of Nagaland also play a vital role in the state’s economy by providing employment for many people. The forest sector employs over 100,000 people in Nagaland. These people are involved in a variety of activities, including logging, sawmilling, and forest product processing.

Threats to forests of Nagaland

The forests of Nagaland are facing a number of threats, including deforestation, forest fires, and Climate Change.

Deforestation is one of the biggest threats to the forests of Nagaland. It is caused by a number of factors, including logging, agriculture, and development. Forest fires are another major threat to the forests of Nagaland. They are caused by a number of factors, including lightning strikes, human carelessness, and war. Climate change is also a major threat to the forests of Nagaland. It is causing changes in temperature and rainfall patterns, which are leading to changes in plant and animal life.

Conservation efforts for forests of Nagaland

A number of conservation efforts are being made to protect the forests of Nagaland. These efforts include:

• Creating Protected Areas, such as national parks and wildlife sanctuaries.
• Raising awareness about the importance of forests.
• Promoting sustainable forest management practices.
• Implementing afforestation and reforestation programs.

These conservation efforts are essential to protect the forests of Nagaland and the many benefits they provide.

What is the climate of Nagaland?

Nagaland has a tropical climate with a monsoon season. The Average temperature ranges from 15°C to 30°C. The monsoon season lasts from June to September, and during this time, the state receives an average of 2,000 mm of rainfall.

What are the main crops grown in Nagaland?

The main crops grown in Nagaland are rice, maize, millet, and ginger. Rice is the most important crop, and it is grown in the valleys and lower hills. Maize is grown in the higher hills, and millet is grown in the dry areas. Ginger is grown in the foothills.

What are the main industries in Nagaland?

The main industries in Nagaland are agriculture, Forestry, and tourism. Agriculture is the most important Industry, and it employs about 70% of the Population. Forestry is also an important industry, and it provides employment for about 10% of the population. Tourism is a growing industry, and it is attracting more and more visitors each year.

What are the main languages spoken in Nagaland?

There are over 16 major languages spoken in Nagaland. The most common languages are Ao, Angami, Sema, Lotha, and Konyak. English is also widely spoken.

What are the main religions practiced in Nagaland?

The main religions practiced in Nagaland are Christianity, Hinduism-2/”>Hinduism, and Buddhism-2/”>Buddhism. Christianity is the most popular religion, and it is practiced by about 80% of the population. Hinduism is practiced by about 10% of the population, and Buddhism is practiced by about 5% of the population.

What are the main tourist attractions in Nagaland?

The main tourist attractions in Nagaland are the Dzükou Valley, the Naga Heritage Village, and the Hornbill Festival. The Dzükou Valley is a beautiful valley with stunning scenery. The Naga Heritage Village is a village where visitors can learn about Naga culture and traditions. The Hornbill Festival is a cultural festival that is held every year in Kohima.

What are the main challenges facing Nagaland?

The main challenges facing Nagaland are POVERTY, Unemployment, and Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE-development/”>Infrastructure Development. Poverty is a major problem in Nagaland, and about 40% of the population lives below the Poverty Line. Unemployment is also a major problem, and the unemployment rate is about 10%. Infrastructure development is also a challenge, and the state needs to improve its roads, bridges, and electricity supply.

What are the main opportunities for Nagaland?

The main opportunities for Nagaland are agriculture, tourism, and Education. Agriculture is the most important industry in Nagaland, and there is potential for Growth in this sector. Tourism is also a growing industry, and there is potential for more tourists to visit Nagaland. Education is also important, and the state needs to improve its education system.

Sure, here are some MCQs about the vegetation of Nagaland:

1. Which of the following is not a type of vegetation found in Nagaland?
   (A) Tropical rainforest
   (B) Temperate forest
   (C) Alpine forest
   (D) Savanna

2. The main type of vegetation found in Nagaland is:
   (A) Tropical rainforest
   (B) Temperate forest
   (C) Alpine forest
   (D) Savanna

3. The tropical rainforests of Nagaland are home to a variety of plants, including:
   (A) Bamboo
   (B) Orchids
   (C) Pitcher plants
   (D) All of the above

4. The temperate forests of Nagaland are home to a variety of plants, including:
   (A) Oak trees
   (B) Maple trees
   (C) Pine trees
   (D) All of the above

5. The alpine forests of Nagaland are home to a variety of plants, including:
   (A) Rhododendrons
   (B) Primulas
   (C) Gentians
   (D) All of the above

6. The savannas of Nagaland are home to a variety of plants, including:
   (A) Grasses
   (B) Acacia trees
   (C) Baobab trees
   (D) All of the above

7. The vegetation of Nagaland is important for a number of reasons, including:
   (A) It provides habitat for a variety of plants and animals
   (B) It helps to regulate the climate
   (C) It provides a source of food and medicine for people
   (D) All of the above

8. The vegetation of Nagaland is threatened by a number of factors, including:
   (A) Deforestation
   (B) Climate change
   (C) Overgrazing
   (D) All of the above

9. What can be done to protect the vegetation of Nagaland?
   (A) Plant trees
   (B) Reduce deforestation
   (C) Conserve water
   (D) All of the above

10. What are the benefits of protecting the vegetation of Nagaland?
    (A) It will help to regulate the climate
    (B) It will provide habitat for a variety of plants and animals
    (C) It will provide a source of food and medicine for people
    (D) All of the above