Uttarakhand :Relief and Structure

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The state has been divided Geographically in three natural divisions:-

 Great Himalayas

 Middle Himalayas

 Hills of shivalik and Doon

 Great Himalayas :-

This natural sub-division is known as himadri .this part extended 50km in width whose most of the mountainranges are 4,800 to 6,000 metre high.many Glaciers are found in this part.and the sources of Bhagirathi , Alakhananda , and Yamuna etc.

The Soil of this part of Himalayas is made from the dregs of stones which is changed into valleys due to erosion.

Famous Mountains ranges of this region are :-

 Nandadevi (7,817 m)

 Kamet ( 7,756 m)

 Bander punch ( 6,315 m )

 Mara ( 7,273 m)

 Nandadevi eastern ( 7,434 m)

 Chaukhambha( 7,138 m)

 Trishul ( 7,120 m )

 Doonagiri ( 7,066 m )

 Panchachuli (6,904 m)

 Nandakot ( 6,861 m)

 Badrinath ( 7,138 m)

Besides these kedarnath,gangotri,and yamunotri etc.glaciers whose heights are more than 6000 metres. These regions are coldest place because all the mountain ranges are always covered with snow.the great Himalayas are made up of folded ranges in the shape of feathers.river Ganga Drainage System ,Yamuna drainage system,black river drainage system are present in this part .river Ganga drainage system is present in almost all part this area except western part. Rainy season started in this part the month of june and continues to th middle of September and its quantity is from 100 to 200 cm.it rains nominal in the winter season.a small quantity of rain falls in the form of snowfall. Rain in summer is monsoonal type but is doesnot go in the north because it can not cross the mountains.

Sub-tropical zonal evergreen florae are found in this part of Himalayas.tree of sar,fir,saal,chir,and Buihes and Grasses etc. florae are only found in more high areas not found in lower region of valleys of mountainous areas. agriculture is done only in lower part of valleys.

 Middle Himalayas:-

Its situated in the south of Greater Himalayas.districts of Almora, Uttarkashi, Garhwal ,Tehri ,Nainital etc comes in this area. Mountain range are generally 3000 to 4000 metres high which is parallel to the chief ranges extended from east to west .

The middle Himalayas is very new part-according to this surface structure in which sedimental rocks are present.these sedimental rocks are seen in the form of plain fields in the areas which are nearabout 2000 metres high.intense cold in the middle Himalayan area in the winter. The temperature falls below the zero degree Celsius.as a result ,snow also falls whereas the weather in summer is pleasant.Average temperature of this season remains – between 18 degree celcious and 20 degree celcious.it rains heavily in the month of july due to summer monsoon. Its quantity raises upto 150 cm. due to this ,the water level of rivers rises in rainy season. Tourists comes in middle Himalayas in summer because the season of this part is colder than the other parts. 50- per part of this region are covered with forests. The tree of chir,fir,sal,deodar etc. are mostly found in this area. These forests are

very useful according to economical points of view because the woods of these forests are used for fourniture making.

 Hills of shivalik and doon :-

Also known as ‗foot of a mountain ranges‘ because these hills are situated in the south of Himalayas and comparatively of low height. The hills of shivalik re very narrow from north – west to south-east and extended in the down side. Primarily these hills are extended parallel to the Himalayas.south almora,middle of nainital and dehradun districts come under shivalik area which are situated at the height of 750m to 1500m.these hills are quite different from Himalayas according to surface structure.there are less high hills in the south of shivalikhills and many flat valleys are situated in the middle of small Himalayas.these valley are called ‗Doon‘. This valley of dehradun district is very important which is spread from 25 to 35 km im width and 350 to 750 metres in height. The valley of kota doon,patali doon,Kothari doon,kiryana doonetc are situated near this valley.

Summer season of this region are hotter then that of Himalayan-mountainous region.temperature remains from 28 degree to 33 degree celcious,temperature in winter season is remains from 4 degree to 9 degree celcious.the quantity of rain is from 150cm to 220 cm . the weather is very pleasant in the areas of Mussourie,ranikhet,chakrata,nainitaletc.peoples comes to visit terrain region,natural florae are found in abundance in this region because trees of sheesham,amla,saal,chir,deodar,bamboo,oak,birch etc are found in abundance .

GLACIERS :-

 Gangotri ( uttarkashi)

 Milaan ( pithoragarh)

 Poting ( ―)

 Nabhik (―)

 Pindari ( bageshwar )

 Sundardhunga (―)

 Kafani (―)

FAMOUS VALLEYS :-

 Shringakantha( uttarkashi- hp)

 Thaga-la ( uttarkashi-tibet)

 Muling-la-5669m( uttarkashi-tibet)

 Bhara(chirbatia or dugari)-la 5608m( chamoli-tibet)

 Neeti-5044m( chamoli-tibet)

 Barahoti (chamoli – pithoragarh)

 Kungari-wingari ( chamoli-tibet)

 Darma (pithoragarh-tibet)

 Lipulekh ( ―)

 Trelpass ( bageshwar-pithoragarh)

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Uttarakhand is a state in India that is located in the Himalayas. The state has a diverse landscape, with mountains, valleys, and forests. The relief and structure of Uttarakhand are as follows:

  • The Himalayas: The Himalayas are the highest mountain range in the world, and they run through the northern part of Uttarakhand. The Himalayas are a popular tourist destination, and they are also home to many important rivers, including the Ganges and the Yamuna.
  • The Garhwal Himalayas: The Garhwal Himalayas are the eastern part of the Himalayas, and they are located in the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand. The Garhwal Himalayas are home to many popular tourist destinations, including the Nanda Devi National Park and the Kedarnath Temple.
  • The Kumaon Himalayas: The Kumaon Himalayas are the western part of the Himalayas, and they are located in the Kumaon region of Uttarakhand. The Kumaon Himalayas are home to many popular tourist destinations, including the Jim Corbett National Park and the Nainital Lake.
  • The Shivalik Hills: The Shivalik Hills are a range of hills that run parallel to the Himalayas. The Shivalik Hills are located in the northern part of Uttarakhand, and they are home to many important rivers, including the Yamuna and the Ganges.
  • The Terai: The Terai is a region of lowlands that lies south of the Shivalik Hills. The Terai is a popular tourist destination, and it is also home to many important wildlife sanctuaries, including the Dudhwa National Park and the Corbett Tiger Reserve.
  • The Bhabhar: The Bhabhar is a region of uplands that lies between the Terai and the Shivalik Hills. The Bhabhar is a popular tourist destination, and it is also home to many important wildlife sanctuaries, including the Rajaji National Park and the Chilla Wildlife Sanctuary.
  • The Dun Valley: The Dun Valley is a valley that lies between the Garhwal Himalayas and the Kumaon Himalayas. The Dun Valley is a popular tourist destination, and it is also home to many important cities, including Dehradun and Haridwar.

The relief and structure of Uttarakhand are a result of the collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates. The collision of these plates has caused the Himalayas to rise, and it has also caused the formation of the Shivalik Hills, the Terai, the Bhabhar, and the Dun Valley.

The Himalayas are a young mountain range, and they are still rising. The rate of uplift is about 5 millimeters per year. The Himalayas are a major source of Earthquakes, and they are also a major source of landslides.

The Shivalik Hills are a range of hills that run parallel to the Himalayas. The Shivalik Hills are composed of Sedimentary Rocks, and they are relatively low in elevation. The Shivalik Hills are a popular tourist destination, and they are also home to many important rivers, including the Yamuna and the Ganges.

The Terai is a region of lowlands that lies south of the Shivalik Hills. The Terai is a popular tourist destination, and it is also home to many important wildlife sanctuaries, including the Dudhwa National Park and the Corbett Tiger Reserve. The Terai is a region of tropical forests, and it is home to a variety of wildlife, including tigers, elephants, and rhinoceroses.

The Bhabhar is a region of uplands that lies between the Terai and the Shivalik Hills. The Bhabhar is a popular tourist destination, and it is also home to many important wildlife sanctuaries, including the Rajaji National Park and the Chilla Wildlife Sanctuary. The Bhabhar is a region of subtropical forests, and it is home to a variety of wildlife, including tigers, leopards, and deer.

The Dun Valley is a valley that lies between the Garhwal Himalayas and the Kumaon Himalayas. The Dun Valley is a popular tourist destination, and it is also home to many important cities, including Dehradun and Haridwar. The Dun Valley is a region of temperate forests, and it is home to a variety of wildlife, including monkeys, langurs, and birds.

The relief and structure of Uttarakhand are a result of the collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates. The collision of these plates has caused the Himalayas to rise, and it has also caused the formation of the Shivalik Hills, the Terai, the Bhabhar, and the Dun Valley. The Himalayas are a young mountain range, and they are still rising. The rate of uplift is about 5 millimeters per year. The Himalayas are a major source of earthquakes, and they are also a major source of landslides.

What is the relief of Uttarakhand?

The relief of Uttarakhand is characterized by its high mountains, deep valleys, and fast-flowing rivers. The state is home to the Himalayas, the highest mountain range in the world, as well as the Garhwal and Kumaon Himalayas. The valleys of Uttarakhand are home to a variety of cultures and peoples, and the rivers are a vital source of water for the state.

What is the structure of Uttarakhand?

The structure of Uttarakhand is complex and varied. The state is home to a variety of geological formations, including the Himalayas, the Siwalik Hills, and the Gangetic Plain. The Himalayas are the youngest and highest mountain range in the world, and they are made up of a variety of rocks, including granite, gneiss, and limestone. The Siwalik Hills are a lower mountain range that lies to the south of the Himalayas. They are made up of sandstone and shale, and they are home to a variety of forests and wildlife. The Gangetic Plain is a vast plain that lies to the south of the Siwalik Hills. It is made up of alluvial soil, and it is home to a variety of crops, including rice, wheat, and sugarcane.

What are the major physical features of Uttarakhand?

The major physical features of Uttarakhand are the Himalayas, the Garhwal Himalayas, the Kumaon Himalayas, the Siwalik Hills, the Gangetic Plain, and the Doon Valley.

The Himalayas are the highest mountain range in the world, and they form the northern border of Uttarakhand. The Garhwal Himalayas are the easternmost part of the Himalayas, and they are home to Mount Nanda Devi, the highest mountain in Uttarakhand. The Kumaon Himalayas are the westernmost part of the Himalayas, and they are home to Mount Kamet, the second-highest mountain in Uttarakhand. The Siwalik Hills are a lower mountain range that lies to the south of the Himalayas. They are home to a variety of forests and wildlife. The Gangetic Plain is a vast plain that lies to the south of the Siwalik Hills. It is home to a variety of crops, including rice, wheat, and sugarcane. The Doon Valley is a valley that lies in the foothills of the Himalayas. It is home to the city of Dehradun, the capital of Uttarakhand.

What are the major rivers of Uttarakhand?

The major rivers of Uttarakhand are the Ganges, the Yamuna, the Alaknanda, the Bhagirathi, and the Mandakini.

The Ganges is the most important river in India. It is a sacred river for Hindus, and it is the source of water for millions of people. The Yamuna is the second-most important river in India. It is a tributary of the Ganges, and it is also a sacred river for Hindus. The Alaknanda and the Bhagirathi are two rivers that join to form the Ganges. The Mandakini is a river that flows through the Kedarnath Temple complex.

What are the major Climate zones of Uttarakhand?

The major climate zones of Uttarakhand are the Himalayan climate, the temperate climate, and the tropical climate.

The Himalayan climate is found in the high mountains of Uttarakhand. It is a cold and dry climate, with average temperatures ranging from -20°C to 10°C. The temperate climate is found in the foothills of the Himalayas. It is a warm and humid climate, with average temperatures ranging from 10°C to 30°C. The tropical climate is found in the plains of Uttarakhand. It is a hot and humid climate, with average temperatures ranging from 30°C to 40°C.

  1. The highest peak in Uttarakhand is:
    (A) Nanda Devi
    (B) Kedarnath
    (C) Badrinath
    (D) Gangotri

  2. The river that flows through the Garhwal region of Uttarakhand is:
    (A) Ganga
    (B) Yamuna
    (C) Brahmaputra
    (D) Sutlej

  3. The capital of Uttarakhand is:
    (A) Dehradun
    (B) Haridwar
    (C) Rishikesh
    (D) Mussoorie

  4. The main language spoken in Uttarakhand is:
    (A) Hindi
    (B) Garhwali
    (C) Kumaoni
    (D) Pahari

  5. The main religion practiced in Uttarakhand is:
    (A) Hinduism-2/”>Hinduism
    (B) Islam
    (C) Christianity
    (D) Sikhism

  6. The main crops grown in Uttarakhand are:
    (A) Rice
    (B) Wheat
    (C) Maize
    (D) Sugarcane

  7. The main industries in Uttarakhand are:
    (A) Tourism
    (B) Agriculture
    (C) Mining
    (D) Manufacturing

  8. The main exports from Uttarakhand are:
    (A) Tea
    (B) Timber
    (C) Handicrafts
    (D) Carpets

  9. The main imports to Uttarakhand are:
    (A) Petroleum products
    (B) Machinery
    (C) Foodgrains
    (D) Fertilizers

  10. The main tourist attractions in Uttarakhand are:
    (A) The Himalayas
    (B) The temples of Haridwar and Rishikesh
    (C) The wildlife sanctuaries of Jim Corbett and Rajaji
    (D) All of the above

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