Mains Syllabus of ukpsc lower pcs Exam 2024

Mains Syllabus of UKPSC Lower PCS Exam 2024

General Studies (Paper-I)

1. History of Uttarakhand

• Ancient Period:
  • Pre-historic and Proto-historic cultures in Uttarakhand.
  • The rise and fall of ancient kingdoms like Katyuri, Kunindas, and Garhwal.
  • The influence of Buddhism and Hinduism in Uttarakhand.
• Medieval Period:
  • The rule of the Chand and Panwar dynasties in Garhwal and Kumaon respectively.
  • The impact of Mughal and British rule on Uttarakhand.
  • The rise of the Gorkha kingdom and its influence on Uttarakhand.
• Modern Period:
  • The struggle for independence in Uttarakhand.
  • The formation of Uttarakhand as a separate state in 2000.
  • The socio-economic and cultural development of Uttarakhand after statehood.

2. Geography of Uttarakhand

• Physical Features:
  • The Himalayan ranges, including the Greater Himalayas, the Lesser Himalayas, and the Siwalik Hills.
  • The major rivers of Uttarakhand, including the Ganga, Yamuna, and their tributaries.
  • The diverse topography of Uttarakhand, including valleys, hills, and glaciers.
• Climate and Vegetation:
  • The varied climatic zones of Uttarakhand, from temperate to alpine.
  • The different types of vegetation found in Uttarakhand, including forests, grasslands, and alpine meadows.
  • The impact of climate change on Uttarakhand.
• Natural Resources:
  • The rich mineral resources of Uttarakhand, including limestone, dolomite, and copper.
  • The forests of Uttarakhand and their importance for biodiversity and ecological balance.
  • The water resources of Uttarakhand and their potential for hydropower generation.

3. Economy of Uttarakhand

• Agriculture:
  • The major crops grown in Uttarakhand, including wheat, rice, and pulses.
  • The challenges faced by agriculture in Uttarakhand, including land fragmentation and soil erosion.
  • The role of government schemes and initiatives in promoting agriculture in Uttarakhand.
• Industry:
  • The major industries in Uttarakhand, including tourism, hydropower, and pharmaceuticals.
  • The challenges faced by industries in Uttarakhand, including lack of infrastructure and skilled labor.
  • The government’s efforts to promote industrial development in Uttarakhand.
• Tourism:
  • The importance of tourism to the economy of Uttarakhand.
  • The major tourist destinations in Uttarakhand, including the Char Dham pilgrimage sites, the Valley of Flowers, and Jim Corbett National Park.
  • The challenges faced by the tourism industry in Uttarakhand, including environmental degradation and infrastructure bottlenecks.

4. Culture and Heritage of Uttarakhand

• Folklore and Traditions:
  • The rich folklore and traditions of Uttarakhand, including folk songs, dances, and festivals.
  • The role of mythology and religion in shaping the culture of Uttarakhand.
  • The impact of globalization on the traditional culture of Uttarakhand.
• Art and Literature:
  • The traditional art forms of Uttarakhand, including painting, sculpture, and handicrafts.
  • The prominent literary figures of Uttarakhand and their contributions to Hindi and Garhwali literature.
  • The role of art and literature in preserving the cultural heritage of Uttarakhand.
• Social Structure:
  • The diverse social groups in Uttarakhand, including the Brahmins, Rajputs, and Scheduled Castes and Tribes.
  • The impact of social reforms and movements on the social structure of Uttarakhand.
  • The challenges faced by marginalized communities in Uttarakhand.

5. Current Affairs

• National and International Issues:
  • Major national and international events and their impact on Uttarakhand.
  • The role of Uttarakhand in national and international affairs.
  • The challenges and opportunities faced by Uttarakhand in the globalized world.
• State-Specific Issues:
  • The major issues facing Uttarakhand, including environmental degradation, unemployment, and poverty.
  • The government’s policies and initiatives to address these issues.
  • The role of civil society organizations in addressing these issues.

6. Disaster Management

• Natural Disasters:
  • The major natural disasters that affect Uttarakhand, including earthquakes, floods, and landslides.
  • The causes and consequences of these disasters.
  • The government’s preparedness and response mechanisms for disaster management.
• Disaster Mitigation:
  • The measures taken to mitigate the impact of natural disasters in Uttarakhand.
  • The role of community participation in disaster mitigation.
  • The importance of early warning systems and disaster preparedness.
• Disaster Relief:
  • The government’s efforts to provide relief and rehabilitation to disaster-affected people in Uttarakhand.
  • The role of NGOs and other organizations in disaster relief.
  • The challenges faced in providing disaster relief in Uttarakhand.

7. Environment and Ecology

• Biodiversity:
  • The rich biodiversity of Uttarakhand, including its forests, wildlife, and ecosystems.
  • The threats to biodiversity in Uttarakhand, including habitat loss, poaching, and climate change.
  • The government’s efforts to conserve biodiversity in Uttarakhand.
• Environmental Issues:
  • The major environmental issues facing Uttarakhand, including deforestation, pollution, and climate change.
  • The causes and consequences of these issues.
  • The government’s policies and initiatives to address these issues.
• Sustainable Development:
  • The concept of sustainable development and its relevance to Uttarakhand.
  • The challenges and opportunities for sustainable development in Uttarakhand.
  • The role of technology and innovation in promoting sustainable development in Uttarakhand.

8. Science and Technology

• Basic Concepts of Science:
  • Basic concepts of physics, chemistry, and biology.
  • The applications of science and technology in everyday life.
  • The impact of science and technology on society.
• Information Technology:
  • The role of information technology in development.
  • The impact of information technology on Uttarakhand.
  • The challenges and opportunities of information technology in Uttarakhand.
• Space Technology:
  • The applications of space technology in various fields, including agriculture, disaster management, and communication.
  • The role of space technology in the development of Uttarakhand.
  • The challenges and opportunities of space technology in Uttarakhand.

9. Indian Polity and Governance

• Constitution of India:
  • The fundamental principles of the Indian Constitution.
  • The structure and functions of the Indian government.
  • The rights and duties of citizens under the Indian Constitution.
• Political System:
  • The Indian political system, including the role of political parties, elections, and the judiciary.
  • The challenges faced by the Indian political system.
  • The role of civil society in Indian democracy.
• Governance:
  • The principles of good governance.
  • The challenges of governance in India.
  • The role of technology in improving governance.

10. Indian Economy

• Economic Development:
  • The major economic indicators of India.
  • The challenges and opportunities of economic development in India.
  • The role of government policies in economic development.
• Financial System:
  • The structure and functions of the Indian financial system.
  • The role of the Reserve Bank of India in the Indian economy.
  • The challenges faced by the Indian financial system.
• Social Sector:
  • The major social sector issues in India, including poverty, inequality, and unemployment.
  • The government’s policies and initiatives to address these issues.
  • The role of civil society organizations in the social sector.

General Studies (Paper-II)

1. Indian History

• Ancient India:
  • The Indus Valley Civilization.
  • The Vedic Period.
  • The rise and fall of the Mauryan and Gupta empires.
  • The influence of Buddhism and Hinduism in ancient India.
• Medieval India:
  • The Delhi Sultanate.
  • The Mughal Empire.
  • The rise of regional kingdoms.
  • The impact of foreign trade and cultural exchange on medieval India.
• Modern India:
  • The British Raj.
  • The Indian National Movement.
  • The partition of India.
  • The post-independence era.

2. Indian Geography

• Physical Features:
  • The major physiographic regions of India, including the Himalayas, the Indo-Gangetic Plain, and the Deccan Plateau.
  • The major rivers of India, including the Ganga, Yamuna, and Indus.
  • The diverse topography of India, including mountains, plains, and deserts.
• Climate and Vegetation:
  • The different climatic zones of India, from tropical to temperate.
  • The different types of vegetation found in India, including forests, grasslands, and deserts.
  • The impact of climate change on India.
• Natural Resources:
  • The rich mineral resources of India, including iron ore, coal, and petroleum.
  • The forests of India and their importance for biodiversity and ecological balance.
  • The water resources of India and their potential for hydropower generation.

3. Indian Polity and Governance

• Constitution of India:
  • The fundamental principles of the Indian Constitution.
  • The structure and functions of the Indian government.
  • The rights and duties of citizens under the Indian Constitution.
• Political System:
  • The Indian political system, including the role of political parties, elections, and the judiciary.
  • The challenges faced by the Indian political system.
  • The role of civil society in Indian democracy.
• Governance:
  • The principles of good governance.
  • The challenges of governance in India.
  • The role of technology in improving governance.

4. Indian Economy

• Economic Development:
  • The major economic indicators of India.
  • The challenges and opportunities of economic development in India.
  • The role of government policies in economic development.
• Financial System:
  • The structure and functions of the Indian financial system.
  • The role of the Reserve Bank of India in the Indian economy.
  • The challenges faced by the Indian financial system.
• Social Sector:
  • The major social sector issues in India, including poverty, inequality, and unemployment.
  • The government’s policies and initiatives to address these issues.
  • The role of civil society organizations in the social sector.

5. International Relations

• India’s Foreign Policy:
  • The major principles of India’s foreign policy.
  • India’s relations with its neighboring countries.
  • India’s role in international organizations.
• Global Issues:
  • The major global issues facing the world today, including climate change, terrorism, and poverty.
  • India’s role in addressing these issues.
  • The challenges and opportunities of globalization for India.
• Regional Organizations:
  • The major regional organizations in the world, including the South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) and the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN).
  • India’s role in these organizations.
  • The importance of regional cooperation for India.

6. Science and Technology

• Basic Concepts of Science:
  • Basic concepts of physics, chemistry, and biology.
  • The applications of science and technology in everyday life.
  • The impact of science and technology on society.
• Information Technology:
  • The role of information technology in development.
  • The impact of information technology on India.
  • The challenges and opportunities of information technology in India.
• Space Technology:
  • The applications of space technology in various fields, including agriculture, disaster management, and communication.
  • The role of space technology in the development of India.
  • The challenges and opportunities of space technology in India.

7. Environment and Ecology

• Biodiversity:
  • The rich biodiversity of India, including its forests, wildlife, and ecosystems.
  • The threats to biodiversity in India, including habitat loss, poaching, and climate change.
  • The government’s efforts to conserve biodiversity in India.
• Environmental Issues:
  • The major environmental issues facing India, including deforestation, pollution, and climate change.
  • The causes and consequences of these issues.
  • The government’s policies and initiatives to address these issues.
• Sustainable Development:
  • The concept of sustainable development and its relevance to India.
  • The challenges and opportunities for sustainable development in India.
  • The role of technology and innovation in promoting sustainable development in India.

8. Disaster Management

• Natural Disasters:
  • The major natural disasters that affect India, including earthquakes, floods, and cyclones.
  • The causes and consequences of these disasters.
  • The government’s preparedness and response mechanisms for disaster management.
• Disaster Mitigation:
  • The measures taken to mitigate the impact of natural disasters in India.
  • The role of community participation in disaster mitigation.
  • The importance of early warning systems and disaster preparedness.
• Disaster Relief:
  • The government’s efforts to provide relief and rehabilitation to disaster-affected people in India.
  • The role of NGOs and other organizations in disaster relief.
  • The challenges faced in providing disaster relief in India.

9. Social Issues

• Poverty and Inequality:
  • The causes and consequences of poverty and inequality in India.
  • The government’s policies and initiatives to address these issues.
  • The role of civil society organizations in addressing these issues.
• Education and Health:
  • The challenges faced by the education and health sectors in India.
  • The government’s policies and initiatives to improve education and health outcomes.
  • The role of private sector participation in education and health.
• Gender Issues:
  • The challenges faced by women in India, including gender discrimination, violence, and lack of access to education and employment.
  • The government’s policies and initiatives to promote gender equality.
  • The role of civil society organizations in promoting women’s rights.

10. Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude

• Ethics and Values:
  • The principles of ethics and values in public service.
  • The importance of integrity and accountability in public life.
  • The role of ethics in decision-making.
• Aptitude:
  • Problem-solving skills.
  • Decision-making skills.
  • Communication skills.
  • Leadership skills.
• Attitude:
  • The importance of a positive attitude in public service.
  • The role of empathy and compassion in public life.
  • The importance of teamwork and collaboration.

Table 1: Major Tourist Destinations in Uttarakhand

Destination	Type	Description
Char Dham	Pilgrimage	The four holy shrines of Badrinath, Kedarnath, Gangotri, and Yamunotri.
Valley of Flowers	National Park	A UNESCO World Heritage Site known for its diverse flora and fauna.
Jim Corbett National Park	Wildlife Sanctuary	Home to a variety of wildlife, including tigers, elephants, and leopards.
Nainital	Hill Station	A popular hill station known for its scenic beauty and lakes.
Mussoorie	Hill Station	A popular hill station known for its colonial architecture and scenic views.
Rishikesh	Religious Center	A major center for yoga and meditation.
Haridwar	Religious Center	A holy city on the banks of the Ganga River.

Table 2: Major Industries in Uttarakhand

Industry	Description
Tourism	A major contributor to the economy of Uttarakhand, with a wide range of attractions, including pilgrimage sites, hill stations, and wildlife sanctuaries.
Hydropower	Uttarakhand has abundant water resources, which are harnessed to generate hydropower.
Pharmaceuticals	Uttarakhand has a thriving pharmaceutical industry, with several major pharmaceutical companies located in the state.
Agriculture	Agriculture is a major source of livelihood for the people of Uttarakhand, with a wide range of crops grown in the state.
Handicrafts	Uttarakhand is known for its traditional handicrafts, including wood carving, metalwork, and textiles.

This syllabus provides a comprehensive overview of

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