–2/”>a >Transport and Communication is the basic infrastructural requirement for achieving rapid Economic Development. Adequacy of Infrastructure-2/”>INFRASTRUCTURE in transport and communication sector is crucial for attracting Investment. The ongoing Economic Reforms, therefore, attach high priority to development of transport and communication infrastructure.
Development of transportation infrastructure is also essential for Marketing of agricultural products and enabling the farmers to get a fair price. State Government have, therefore, accorded high priority for all round development in Transport and Communication Sector.
Road Transport
The number of motor vehicles on road in the State during 2004-05 was 14.61 lakh, registering an increase of 14.87% over 2003-04. During 2000-01, the number of vehicles in the State per thousand square km was 5,622 and per lakh Population 2,378. This has increased to 9,383 and 3804 respectively by the end of March 2005. Among the 26 transport regions in the State, the number of vehicles on road in Bhubaneswar region was highest (3,07,815) followed by Cuttack (1, 84,808) and Rourkela (1, 58,237) during 2004-05.
The Orissa State Road Transport Corporation (OSRTC), some Urban Local Bodies and private bus operators have been catering to the travel needs of people with 5,997 buses in the State during 2004 – 05. During 1990-91 when population of the State was 316 lakhs, the number of buses available per lakh population was only 9, and has since increased to 16 during 2004-05. Similarly during the same period, the number of goods vehicles available per lakh population has increased from 84 to 199.
RAIL TRANSPORT
Orissa has so far remained backward in the field of development of railways. The existing railway lines pass through the fringes of the State leaving the central areas untouched. This inadequacy is one of the factors which has had an adverse impact on the pace of infrastructural and industrial development in the State. There are 234 railway stations and 27 passenger halts in the State.
The railway routes cover 23 districts of the State and exclude seven districts viz. Boudh, Deogarh, Kandhamal, Kendrapara, Malkangiri, Nawarangpur and Nayagarh.
A techno-economic feasibility study for introduction of Mass Rapid Transit System between CuttackBhubaneswar to be extended to Choudwar and Khurda has been sanctioned by Government of India under Centrally Sponsored Scheme and is in progress.
PARADEEP PORT
Among the 11 major ports in the country, Paradeep is the only port belonging to Orissa, through which Minerals and metallurgical products are exported. The export activity through this port is in increasing trend.
GOPALPUR PORT
The State Government have developed a fair weather port at Gopalpur with an investment of Rs.35.95 crore which has been opened to traffic from Feb., 1987. Since 2002-03 no export and import has been made through this port for want of cargo. State Government propose to develop Gopalpur Port into an all weather port through a private developer.
DHAMARA HARBOUR
The operational activities of the Fishery port, Dhamara, continued in the year 2004-05. The trend at Dhamara, both in terms of its use by Trawler Owners and collection of revenue was quite encouraging. State Government propose to establish a Mega Port of international standard at Dhamara.
Inland water transport
This service is being provided by the State Government with the support and assistance from Ministry of Surface Transport, Government of India. The Directorate of Inland Water Transport is the nodal agency which controls all activities relating to passenger launch Services, survey and registration of Inland crafts, conducting examination of Serang, Master, Driver and Inland Engineers and preparation of schemes, direction and conducting training for the crews at crew training institute.
Passenger motor launch service is being provided in eight different water routes under three sectors. The Chandbali sector provides launch services from Chandbali to Aradi, Talachuan and Rajnagar while Balugaon sector provides services from Balugaon to Krushna Prasad, Kalijai, Nuapada and Satapada and Astarang sector provides services from Nuagarh to Sribantapur through 20 motor launches and 5 country boats. But after super cyclone of 1999, eleven motor launches and 3 country boats are operating in these routes after necessary repairs. The motor launch services from Balugaon to Satapada and Balugaon to Nuapada have been discontinued temporarily due to insufficient passengers and low draft of water at the lake shore.
CIVIL AVIATION
The Directorate of Civil Aviation looks after the use and maintenance of the State’s passenger aircrafts and trainer aircrafts, training of student pilots and construction and development of air strips in the State. There are 13 airstrips and 16 helipads in the State for landing of State Government aircrafts and helicopters and efforts are being made for black topping of all the air strips to make them fit for all-weather operation.
Government of India in the Ministry of Civil Aviation have taken up expansion and modernization of Bhubaneswar Airport in view of its geographical, tourist and commercial importance. The State Government have provided 68.3 acres of land free of cost and the development work of the airport is in progress. Flights from Bhubaneswar to cities like Delhi, Calcutta, Chennai, Hyderabad and Mumbai are available. Consequent upon declaration of Bhubaneswar Airport as Customs Airport, an air cargo complex started functioning at the airport since August, 1995 under the Air Customs Division, Bhubaneswar to facilitate export and import by air.,
Odisha is a state in eastern India. It is bordered by West Bengal to the north, Jharkhand to the northwest, Chhattisgarh to the west, Andhra Pradesh to the south, and the Bay of Bengal to the east. The state has a population of over 45 million people and a land area of over 155,000 square kilometers.
Odisha has a well-developed transportation system. The state has two international Airports, Biju Patnaik International Airport in Bhubaneswar and Jharsuguda Airport. There are also several domestic airports in the state, including Utkela Airport in Jeypore, Rourkela Airport in Rourkela, and Berhampur Airport in Berhampur.
The state has a well-developed road Network. The National Highway 5 connects Bhubaneswar to Kolkata, the National Highway 6 connects Bhubaneswar to Chennai, and the National Highway 20 connects Bhubaneswar to Visakhapatnam. There are also several state highways and district roads in the state.
The state has a well-developed rail network. The East Coast Railway Zone and the South Eastern Railway Zone operate in the state. There are several major railway stations in the state, including Bhubaneswar Railway Station, Cuttack Railway Station, and Rourkela Railway Station.
The state has a well-developed inland water transport system. The Mahanadi River is the main river in the state and is navigable for about 200 kilometers. There are also several other rivers in the state that are navigable for shorter distances.
The state has a well-developed water transport system. The Paradip Port is the largest port in the state and is located on the Bay of Bengal. There are also several other ports in the state, including Gopalpur Port, Dhamra Port, and Chandbali Port.
The transportation system in Odisha is well-developed and provides a variety of Options for people to travel around the state. The air, road, rail, and water transport systems are all efficient and reliable. The state government is constantly working to improve the transportation system and make it even more convenient for people to use.
Here are some additional details about each of the transportation subtopics:
- Air transport: Odisha has two international airports, Biju Patnaik International Airport in Bhubaneswar and Jharsuguda Airport. There are also several domestic airports in the state, including Utkela Airport in Jeypore, Rourkela Airport in Rourkela, and Berhampur Airport in Berhampur. The state government is planning to develop several new airports in the state, including a new international airport in Puri.
- Bus transport: The state has a well-developed bus transport system. The Odisha State Road Transport Corporation (OSRTC) operates a fleet of buses that connect all major cities and towns in the state. There are also several private bus operators that provide bus services in the state.
- Inland water transport: The Mahanadi River is the main river in the state and is navigable for about 200 kilometers. There are also several other rivers in the state that are navigable for shorter distances. The state government is planning to develop the inland water transport system and make it more efficient.
- Road transport: The state has a well-developed road network. The National Highway 5 connects Bhubaneswar to Kolkata, the National Highway 6 connects Bhubaneswar to Chennai, and the National Highway 20 connects Bhubaneswar to Visakhapatnam. There are also several state highways and district roads in the state. The state government is constantly working to improve the road network and make it even more efficient.
- Rail transport: The East Coast Railway Zone and the South Eastern Railway Zone operate in the state. There are several major railway stations in the state, including Bhubaneswar Railway Station, Cuttack Railway Station, and Rourkela Railway Station. The state government is planning to develop the rail network and make it more efficient.
- Water transport: The Paradip Port is the largest port in the state and is located on the Bay of Bengal. There are also several other ports in the state, including Gopalpur Port, Dhamra Port, and Chandbali Port. The state government is planning to develop the water transport system and make it more efficient.
What are the different modes of transport in Orissa?
The different modes of transport in Orissa are:
- Air: Bhubaneswar Airport is the main airport in Orissa. It is connected to major cities in India and abroad.
- Rail: Orissa has a well-developed rail network. There are several railway stations in the state, including Bhubaneswar, Cuttack, Puri, and Sambalpur.
- Road: Orissa has a good road network. There are national highways, state highways, and major district roads connecting different parts of the state.
- Water: Orissa has a long coastline. There are several ports in the state, including Paradip, Gopalpur, and Dhamra.
What are the major transportation hubs in Orissa?
The major transportation hubs in Orissa are:
- Bhubaneswar Airport: Bhubaneswar Airport is the main airport in Orissa. It is connected to major cities in India and abroad.
- Bhubaneswar Railway Station: Bhubaneswar Railway Station is the main railway station in Orissa. It is connected to major cities in India.
- Cuttack Railway Station: Cuttack Railway Station is the second-largest railway station in Orissa. It is connected to major cities in India.
- Puri Railway Station: Puri Railway Station is a major railway station in Orissa. It is connected to major cities in India.
- Sambalpur Railway Station: Sambalpur Railway Station is a major railway station in Orissa. It is connected to major cities in India.
- Paradip Port: Paradip Port is a major port in Orissa. It is connected to major ports in India and abroad.
- Gopalpur Port: Gopalpur Port is a major port in Orissa. It is connected to major ports in India and abroad.
- Dhamra Port: Dhamra Port is a major port in Orissa. It is connected to major ports in India and abroad.
What are the major transportation problems in Orissa?
The major transportation problems in Orissa are:
- Traffic congestion: Traffic congestion is a major problem in Bhubaneswar and Cuttack. The roads in these cities are narrow and congested, which leads to traffic jams.
- Poor road conditions: The road conditions in Orissa are not good. Many roads are in a bad condition, which makes it difficult for vehicles to travel.
- Lack of public transportation: There is a lack of public transportation in Orissa. This makes it difficult for people to travel without a car.
- Poor infrastructure: The infrastructure for transportation in Orissa is not good. There are not enough airports, railway stations, and ports in the state.
What are the solutions to the transportation problems in Orissa?
The solutions to the transportation problems in Orissa are:
- Improve the road conditions: The road conditions in Orissa need to be improved. This can be done by repairing the existing roads and building new roads.
- Increase public transportation: The public transportation system in Orissa needs to be improved. This can be done by increasing the number of buses and trains.
- Improve the infrastructure: The infrastructure for transportation in Orissa needs to be improved. This can be done by building new airports, railway stations, and ports.
- Reduce traffic congestion: Traffic congestion can be reduced by improving the road conditions, increasing public transportation, and improving the infrastructure.
Sure, here are some MCQs on the topics of transportation, without mentioning the topic of transportation of Odisha:
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Which of the following is not a mode of transportation?
(A) Air
(B) Water
(C) Land
(D) Space -
Which of the following is the most common mode of transportation in the world?
(A) Air
(B) Water
(C) Land
(D) Space -
Which of the following is the fastest mode of transportation?
(A) Air
(B) Water
(C) Land
(D) Space -
Which of the following is the most expensive mode of transportation?
(A) Air
(B) Water
(C) Land
(D) Space -
Which of the following is the most environmentally friendly mode of transportation?
(A) Air
(B) Water
(C) Land
(D) Space -
Which of the following is the most dangerous mode of transportation?
(A) Air
(B) Water
(C) Land
(D) Space -
Which of the following is the most popular mode of transportation in the United States?
(A) Air
(B) Water
(C) Land
(D) Space -
Which of the following is the most popular mode of transportation in China?
(A) Air
(B) Water
(C) Land
(D) Space -
Which of the following is the most popular mode of transportation in India?
(A) Air
(B) Water
(C) Land
(D) Space -
Which of the following is the most popular mode of transportation in Brazil?
(A) Air
(B) Water
(C) Land
(D) Space