Notes and Study material for Exams
The Unfulfilled Promise: A Deep Dive into the Reasons for Failure of Land Reforms Land reforms, aimed at redistributing land ownership and fostering equitable access to resources, have been a cornerstone of development strategies in many countries. However, despite their noble intentions, land reforms have often fallen short of their goals, leaving a legacy of … Read more
Corruption: NATURE Like that of several other socio-economic offences, corruption stands out as an offence which affects the community as a whole. It is not just an offence between the perpetrator of a traditional crime like murder, theft or rape and an innocent victim. In fact and reality the bribe-giver and the bribe-taker are equally … Read more
The Parliamentary Form of Government: A Balancing Act of Power and Accountability The parliamentary form of government, a system where the executive branch derives its legitimacy from the legislature, has been a cornerstone of political organization for centuries. From the United Kingdom to India, this model has been adopted and adapted by numerous nations, each … Read more
Following are the major role of administration and management in developing societies:- promotion of a rational development of economic proportions through macroregulation, control of the Privatization process of state-owned enterprises and public Services, securing free competition and transparency in its implementation, securing an effective exercise of ownership rights of the State and … Read more
Jahandar Shah: A Brief Reign of Chaos and Intrigue Jahandar Shah, the son of Mughal Emperor Bahadur Shah I, ascended the throne in 1712 after a tumultuous period of political instability and power struggles. His reign, though brief, was marked by extravagance, corruption, and ultimately, a swift downfall. This article delves into the life and … Read more
The Shadow Side of Democracy: Demerits of the Parliamentary System The parliamentary system, a cornerstone of democratic governance in many nations, is often lauded for its responsiveness, flexibility, and accountability. However, like any political system, it is not without its flaws. This article delves into the often overlooked demerits of the parliamentary system, exploring its … Read more
Corruption: NATURE Like that of several other socio-economic offences, corruption stands out as an offence which affects the community as a whole. It is not just an offence between the perpetrator of a traditional crime like murder, theft or rape and an innocent victim. In fact and reality the bribe-giver and the bribe-taker … Read more
Shuja-ud-Daula: A Ruler Caught Between Empires Shuja-ud-Daula, the third Nawab of Awadh (1754-1775), reigned during a tumultuous period in Indian history. He navigated the complex power dynamics of the British East India Company, the Marathas, and the Mughal Empire, ultimately leaving a lasting impact on the political landscape of North India. This article delves into … Read more
Structural challenges : definition Redistribution: intrinsic limitation in terms of the effectiveness of targeting. State capacity: to handle its domain of delivering on Health and Education remain impaired for maximum number of states. Competitive Federalism failed to idealised a model of delivery of essential Services like health and education. Competitive populism needs a counterpart … Read more
Acid An acid is a substance which forms H+ ions as the only positive ion in aqueous solution. Examples:- Hydrochloric acid dissolved in water forms H+ and Cl– ions HCl —> H+ + Cl– Sulphuric acid dissolved in water forms H+ and SO42- ions H2SO4 —>2H+ + SO42- Nitric acid forms H+ and NO3– ions when dissolved in water HNO3 —> H+ + NO3– … Read more