Notes and Study material for Exams
Bioaugmentation is the process of introducing beneficial microorganisms into an environment to improve the overall health of the ecosystem. These microorganisms can help to break down pollutants, improve soil fertility, and control pests and diseases. Bioaugmentation has been used successfully in a variety of applications, including wastewater treatment, soil remediation, and agriculture. In wastewater treatment, … Read more
Pradhan Mantri Matsya Sampada Yojana (PMMSY): Transforming India’s Fisheries Sector Introduction India, with its vast coastline and abundant inland water resources, possesses immense potential in the fisheries sector. However, the sector has historically faced challenges such as low productivity, inadequate infrastructure, and limited access to technology. Recognizing the need for a comprehensive and transformative approach, … Read more
The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes: A Beacon of Hope or a Fading Light? The National Commission for Scheduled Tribes (NCST), established in 1970, stands as a constitutional body tasked with safeguarding the rights and promoting the welfare of Scheduled Tribes (STs) in India. Its mandate encompasses a wide range of responsibilities, from monitoring the … Read more
Deserts are formed in regions with less than 25 cm of annual rainfall, .or sometimes in hot regions where there is more rainfall, but unevenly distributed in the annual cycle. Lack’ of rain in the mid latitude is often due to stable high pressure zones; deserts in temperate regions often lie in “rain shadows”, … Read more
The Greenhouse Effect: A Vital Balance Tipping Towards Crisis The Earth’s climate is a delicate dance, a complex interplay of energy flows, atmospheric composition, and natural cycles. At the heart of this dance lies the greenhouse effect, a natural phenomenon that keeps our planet habitable. However, human activities are disrupting this delicate balance, amplifying the … Read more
The Shadowy Side of Sunlight: Unveiling the Impact of Brown Carbon The sun, a source of life and energy, also harbors a hidden danger â brown carbon. This enigmatic atmospheric component, often overlooked in favor of its more notorious cousin, black carbon, plays a significant role in shaping our climate and impacting human health. While … Read more
Development and conservation of common property Resources in rural areas of Karnataka Community Toilet and Bathing Complexes It was decided to provide Community Sanitary Complex cum Bathroom with the facility of independent continuous water supply system, electricity supply, hair dryer, dressing room and also with the facility of commode to physically handicapped and … Read more
Water Resources Rainfall: With an Average annual rainfall of 1,170 mm, India is one of the wettest countries in the world. At one extreme are areas like Cherrapunji, in the northeast, which is drenched each year with 11,000 mm of rainfall, and at the other extreme are places like Jaisalmer, in the west, which receives … Read more
Elements of Climate and weather Climate is decided by a region’s climate system. A climate system has few major components: the Atmosphere, the layer, the cryosphere, and the land surface. The atmosphere is that the most variable a part of the climate system. The composition and movement of gases encompassing the planet will change … Read more
The Shifting Sands: A Global Examination of Current Rules and Policies in Sand Mining Sand, a seemingly ubiquitous and unremarkable resource, is the backbone of modern civilization. From concrete and glass to electronics and pharmaceuticals, sand is a crucial ingredient in countless industries. However, the insatiable demand for this seemingly endless resource has led to … Read more