Notes and Study material for Exams
Surkotada: Unveiling the Secrets of a Harappan Metropolis Surkotada, a site nestled in the Kutch region of Gujarat, India, stands as a testament to the remarkable civilization that flourished in the Indus Valley over 4,000 years ago. While overshadowed by the more famous Harappa and Mohenjo-daro, Surkotada holds a unique position in the Harappan landscape, … Read more
In the sixth country B.C. North India was divided into sixteen kingdoms out of which Avanti, Vatsa, Kosala and Magadha rose into prominence by aggrandizing upon other weaker states.These four states involved themselves in internecine quarrel in which Magadha emerged as the most powerful state and acquired mastery in the political domain of India. … Read more
The Golden Age of the Cholas: Rajaraja I and Rajendra I The Chola dynasty, one of the most powerful and influential empires in South India, reached its zenith under the reigns of Rajaraja I (985-1014 CE) and his son, Rajendra I (1014-1044 CE). These two rulers, known for their military prowess, administrative acumen, and patronage … Read more
Mahajanapadas The literal meaning of Mahajanapadas is great kingdoms. They flourished in the north/north western parts of India before the rise of Megasthenes. Whereas Avantipura who was the king of Surasena was one of the first desciples of Buddha, and it gained prominence evr since then in Mathura. The geographical locattion of this kingdom among the … Read more
Project Vulture: A Controversial Legacy of Debt-Fueled Exploitation Introduction The term “Project Vulture” has become synonymous with a controversial practice in the realm of international finance: the buying and selling of sovereign debt at deeply discounted prices, often with the aim of profiting from the financial distress of developing countries. This practice, while legal, has … Read more
History of the world will include events from 18th century such as Industrial revolution, World Wars,Redrawal of national boundaries, colonization, decolonization, political philosophies like Communism,capitalism, Socialism etc.- their forms and effect on the Society. Prehistory Prehistory is the period of time before humans developed writing systems. It is a long and complex period, with many … Read more
Copper Age Chalcolithic age in India is the first Metal age. Metals like copper and its Alloy bronze are melted at low temperature. The important sites of this period are the Indus valley sites. The Chalcolithic culture of Central, Eastern and Southern regions of India show altogether different features. The Chalcolithic culture represents … Read more
Exploring Administration during the Chola Period: A Tapestry of Efficiency and Innovation The Chola Empire, spanning from the 3rd century BCE to the 13th century CE, stands as a testament to the remarkable administrative prowess of ancient India. This period witnessed the rise of a sophisticated and centralized system of governance that ensured stability, prosperity, … Read more
Exploring the Mesolithic Period (Late Stone Age) 10,000 BCE – 6000 BCE The Mesolithic Period, often referred to as the Middle Stone Age or Late Stone Age, marks a significant transition in human history. It bridges the gap between the Paleolithic (Old Stone Age) and the Neolithic (New Stone Age), spanning roughly from 10,000 BCE … Read more
The French Conquests in India: A Tale of Ambition, Rivalry, and Legacy The French presence in India, though ultimately overshadowed by the British, left an indelible mark on the subcontinent’s history. Their ambitions, fueled by trade and territorial expansion, led to a series of conflicts and alliances that shaped the political landscape of 18th-century India. … Read more