Notes and Study material for Exams
The 11 Fundamental Duties: A Cornerstone of Indian Citizenship The Indian Constitution, a document that enshrines the rights and freedoms of its citizens, also recognizes certain fundamental duties that every citizen is expected to uphold. These duties, enshrined in Part IV-A of the Constitution, are not legally enforceable like fundamental rights, but they are considered … Read more
The Kesavananda Bharati Case: A Landmark Judgement Shaping India’s Constitution The Kesavananda Bharati case, formally known as Kesavananda Bharati Sripadagalvaru v. State of Kerala, stands as a landmark judgement in Indian constitutional history. Decided by the Supreme Court in 1973, it established the principle of basic structure doctrine, a cornerstone of India’s constitutional framework. This … Read more
The Coalition Era: A Defining Period in Iraq’s History The “Coalition Era” in Iraq, spanning from the 2003 invasion to the withdrawal of US troops in 2011, marked a tumultuous period of profound change and enduring consequences. This era witnessed the overthrow of Saddam Hussein’s regime, the establishment of a new Iraqi government, and the … Read more