Notes and Study material for Exams
Sri Aurobindo The criterion of social development, according to most of the Western social philosophers, is the moral progress in the individuals and Society. Thus ethics has been considered as the most potent method of social development. This contention, to be fully verified and examined, requires a two-fold inquiry. First, what is that standard of … Read more
Essence of Ethics Ethics comes from Greek word “ethos” means character, habit, culture, ways of behaviour etc. Ethics is also called “moral philosophy”. The word “moral” comes from Latin word “mores” which signifies customs, character, behaviour, etc. Thus ethics may be defined as the systematic study of human actions from the point … Read more
Inter Religious Unity and Communalism in British India This country was under the colonial rule of the British and after a long struggle gained freedom in 1947. In 1949, the constituent assembly enacted the new constitution which came into effect in 1950. Thus, the contemporary history of this country can be divided into two stages … Read more
The 11 Fundamental Duties: A Cornerstone of Indian Citizenship The Indian Constitution, a document that enshrines the rights and freedoms of its citizens, also recognizes certain fundamental duties that every citizen is expected to uphold. These duties, enshrined in Part IV-A of the Constitution, are not legally enforceable like fundamental rights, but they are considered … Read more
Sanskar Vyavastha Samskaras is a prescribed set of observances, a religious ceremony or act regarded as an outward and visible sign of inward or spiritual. Ancient Sanskrit literature texts, such as Raghuvamsha, Kumarsambhava, Abhijnan -Shakuntal, Hitopadesha and Manu Smruti, samskara is used to mean: Education, cultivation, training, refinement, perfection, grammatical purity, polishing, embellishment, decoration, a … Read more
The Coalition Era: A Defining Period in Iraq’s History The “Coalition Era” in Iraq, spanning from the 2003 invasion to the withdrawal of US troops in 2011, marked a tumultuous period of profound change and enduring consequences. This era witnessed the overthrow of Saddam Hussein’s regime, the establishment of a new Iraqi government, and the … Read more
Multiculturalism Multiculturalism means the co-existence of diverse cultures, where culture includes racial, religious, or cultural groups and is manifested in customary behaviours, cultural assumptions and values, patterns of thinking, and communicative styles. The idea of multiculturalism in contemporary political discourse and in political philosophy is about how to understand and respond to the … Read more
‘Sufism’ is a term used to refer to mystical religious ideas in Islam. It had evolved into a well developed movement by the 11 century. Sufis, Stress on the importance of traversing the path of the Sufi pir enabling one to establish a direct communion with the divine. Sufism or mysticism emerged in the 8 … Read more
Making of The Constitution 1934: Idea of constituent assembly put forward by M N Roy 1935: INC officially demands constituent assembly 1938: JL Nehru’s declaration on the constitution of India 1940: Nehru’s demand accepted in the form of August Offer August Offer PM: Winston Churchill While rejecting INCs demand for independence of India after the … Read more
Technology with a Human Face Technology and the Human Race The human race has indeed gone far with technology. From the age when he still used wooden and stone tools to a powerful era of silicon and steel, he ceased to be a helpless prey to a number of predators to become a god among … Read more