Notes and Study material for Exams
Biodiversity and extinction of species. Green NATIONAL INCOME Account Conventional National Income Accounting does not capture the Environmental Degradation due to production and consumption This omission leads to misrepresentation of improvements in social welfare Since there is no market for many environmental resources, it is difficult to place monetary values on them Index of Sustainable … Read more
The following are the subtopics of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC): Adoption of the Convention Objectives Principles Parties Conferences of the Parties Subsidiary bodies Financial mechanism Technology transfer Capacity-building Reporting Compliance Dispute settlement Amendments Withdrawal Relationship with other international agreements Signature, ratification, and entry into force Implementation Impacts of climate change … Read more
The Montreal Protocol: A Triumph of Global Cooperation in Protecting the Ozone Layer The Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer, signed in 1987, stands as a landmark achievement in international environmental cooperation. It represents a remarkable example of how nations can come together to address a global threat, leading to a tangible … Read more
Austria: A Land of Majestic Mountains, Rich History, and Cultural Delights Austria, a landlocked nation nestled in the heart of Europe, is a captivating blend of majestic mountains, rich history, and vibrant culture. From the snow-capped peaks of the Alps to the charming cobblestone streets of Vienna, Austria offers a diverse and unforgettable travel experience. … Read more
The Power to Forgive: Comparing the Pardoning Powers of the President and Governor The power to pardon, a vestige of the monarchical system, is a unique and potent tool wielded by both the President of the United States and the Governors of individual states. While seemingly similar in function, these powers differ significantly in scope, … Read more
Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and or affecting India’s interests Historical Background India’s relations with the world have evolved since the British Raj (1857–1947), when the British Empire monopolised external and defence relations. When India gained independence in 1947, few Indians had experience in making or conducting Foreign … Read more
The GDI measures gender gaps in Human Development achievements by accounting for disparities between Women and men in three basic dimensions of human development—Health, knowledge and living standards using the same component indicators as in the HDI. The GDI is the ratio of the HDIs calculated separately for females and males using the same methodology … Read more
The Convention on the Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animals (CMS): A Global Effort to Protect Migratory Wildlife The world’s wildlife faces numerous threats, from habitat loss and climate change to poaching and pollution. These challenges are particularly acute for migratory species, which traverse vast distances, often crossing international borders, making them vulnerable to … Read more
The Human Development Index: Measuring Progress Beyond GDP The Human Development Index (HDI) is a composite statistic used to rank countries by their level of human development. It is a measure of a country’s overall well-being, taking into account factors beyond economic growth, such as health, education, and living standards. The HDI was developed by … Read more
The Mosaic of Influences: Sources of the Indian Constitution The Indian Constitution, a landmark document that governs the world’s largest democracy, is a testament to the meticulous efforts of its framers in weaving together diverse strands of constitutional thought. It is not a mere copy of any single model but a unique blend of various … Read more