Notes and Study material for Exams
Lapsing of Bills: Understanding the Legislative Process and its Implications The legislative process is a complex and intricate dance, involving numerous actors and stages. One crucial aspect of this process is the concept of “lapsing,” which refers to the expiration of a bill due to the passage of time or the failure to meet certain … Read more
Army Army fulfilled four important functions: Instrument to conquer Indian powers Defended the British Empire in India against foreign rivals Safe-guarded against internal revolt Chief instrument for extending and defending the British Empire in Asia and Africa. Bulk of the army consisted of Indians. In 1857, of the total strength of 311400, about 265900 were … Read more
A Borrowed Constitution: The Influence of Foreign Models on the US Constitution The United States Constitution, a document revered as the cornerstone of American democracy, is often presented as a uniquely American creation. However, a closer examination reveals a fascinating story of borrowing and adaptation, where the framers drew heavily from existing constitutional models around … Read more
The Lame-Duck Session: A Time of Transition and Uncertainty The term “lame-duck session” refers to a period of legislative activity that occurs after a new Congress has been elected but before the newly elected members are sworn in. This period, typically lasting from November to January, is often characterized by a unique blend of political … Read more
UN-REDD Programme: A Global Effort to Combat Deforestation and Climate Change The world faces a pressing challenge: deforestation and forest degradation are accelerating, contributing significantly to climate change and threatening biodiversity. Recognizing the urgency of this issue, the United Nations launched the UN-REDD Programme in 2008, aiming to reduce emissions from deforestation and forest degradation … Read more
The International Court of Justice: A Beacon of International Law The International Court of Justice (ICJ), often referred to as the World Court, stands as the principal judicial organ of the United Nations. Established in 1945, the ICJ serves as the ultimate arbiter of international disputes between states, playing a crucial role in upholding the … Read more
The Fight for Childhood: A Deep Dive into Article 24 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), adopted in 1948, stands as a beacon of hope and a roadmap for a world where all individuals are treated with dignity and respect. Among its 30 articles, Article 24 holds … Read more
United Nations Convention against Corruption The United Nations Convention against Corruption (UNCAC) is a landmark, international anti-corruption treaty adopted by the UN General Assembly in October 2003. It represents a remarkable achievement: a global response to a global problem. With 181 countries bound by UNCAC so far (as of 4 May 2017), it is … Read more
National Initiative on Climate Resilient Agriculture (NICRA): A Beacon of Hope for Indian Agriculture in a Changing Climate Introduction India, a nation heavily reliant on agriculture, faces a daunting challenge: the escalating impacts of climate change. Erratic rainfall patterns, rising temperatures, and extreme weather events are disrupting traditional farming practices, threatening food security, and impacting … Read more
National Biological Diversity Act was enacted in 2002 for giving effect to the provisions of the CBD. Objective of this act is to regulate the access to genetic Resources and protection of