Notes and Study material for Exams
MNREGA and community power structure Several rural development programmes were initiated in India during 1950s and 1960s. These programmes, popularly known as community development programmes, regarded rural people as beneficiaries but not participants in the development process. They were centrally designed and were implemented by extension agents using a top-down mode of decision-making. Those agents … Read more
Social Audit “Social Auditing is defined as a systematic attempt to identify, analyse, measure (if possible), evaluate, and monitor the effect of an organisation’s operations on Society (that is, specific social groups) and on the public well-being.” Social audit as a term was used as far back as the 1950s. In a nutshell, it refers … Read more
Neutrality of Civil Services Sardar Patel had made the following observations in the Constituent Assembly to support the continuance of the pre-independence civil service structure:- “It needs hardly to be emphasized that an efficient, disciplined and contended civil service assured of its prospects as a result of diligent and honest work, is a … Read more
Ethical dilemmas in government and private institutes The reputation and success of governance depends upon the conduct of public functionaries and what the public believe about their conduct. It is therefore of fundamental importance that public functionaries act justly and fairly to all, not only paying lip service to ethical conduct but also ensuring that … Read more
The leading economists of the country differ in their opinion about the socioeconomic and ecological consequences of the policy of liberalisation.Liberalization has led to several positive and negative effects on Indian economy and Society. Some of the consequences of liberalisation have been briefly described here: 1. Increase in the Direct Foreign Investment: The policy of liberalisation … Read more
National integration has been a very serious and prominent challenge in all the developing countries including India. For a proper analysis of the concept of national integration it is necessary to know the meaning of certain concepts. The first and foremost concept is the term integration itself which may be defined as “a process of … Read more
The Comptroller and Auditor General (CAG) promotes accountability, transparency and Good Governance through high quality Auditing and accounting.The Comptroller and auditor general (CAG) of India is empower to audit all expenses from the combine Fund of the union or state governments, whether incurred within India or outside. The Comptroller and Auditor General of India (CAG) … Read more
The Shifting Sands of Power: Examining the Conflict Between Executive and Judiciary The relationship between the executive and judicial branches of government is a delicate dance, one that requires a careful balance of power to ensure the smooth functioning of a democracy. However, this balance can be disrupted when conflicts arise, leading to tensions and … Read more
–2/”>a >DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd”> Oceans tides An ocean tide refers to the cyclic rise and fall of seawater. Tides are caused by slight variations in gravitational attraction between the Earth and the moon and the Sun in geometric relationship with locations on the Earth's surface. Tides are periodic primarily because … Read more
The House Divided: Examining Key Issues in the Functioning of Parliament Parliament, the cornerstone of representative democracy, is tasked with the crucial role of enacting laws, scrutinizing the government, and representing the will of the people. However, in recent times, the functioning of parliaments across the globe has come under increasing scrutiny, with concerns raised … Read more