Notes and Study material for Exams
Navigating the Complexities of Advanced Pricing Agreements (APAs) The globalized nature of modern business has led to an increasing complexity in international tax matters. Multinational corporations (MNCs) often face challenges in determining the appropriate transfer pricing for transactions between their subsidiaries in different countries. This can lead to disputes with tax authorities, resulting in costly … Read more
VAT is a multi-stage tax levied at each stage of the value addition chain, with a provision to allow input tax credit (ITC) on tax paid at an earlier stage, which can be appropriated against the VAT liability on subsequent sale. VAT is intended to tax every stage of sale where some value is added … Read more
–2/”>a >DOCTYPE html PUBLIC “-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN” “http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd”> In India, government expenditure – as per the provision in the Constitution – is divided into Revenue Expenditure and Capital Expenditure. However, the adoption of economic planning shifted emphasize on the division of expenditure into Plan and Non-Plan. The share of Non-Plan expenditure has remained close … Read more
The Fiscal Deficit: A Balancing Act Between Growth and Sustainability The fiscal deficit, a measure of a government’s spending exceeding its revenue, is a complex economic concept with significant implications for a nation’s financial health and future prosperity. Understanding its dynamics, causes, and consequences is crucial for policymakers and citizens alike. This article delves into … Read more
The India Independence Act 1947: A Nation Born from Partition The year 1947 marked a pivotal moment in history, not just for India but for the entire world. After centuries of British rule, the Indian subcontinent finally achieved independence. However, this momentous occasion was marred by the tragic partition of the country into India and … Read more
Fiscal Policy: The Government’s Toolkit for Economic Management Fiscal policy, a cornerstone of macroeconomic management, refers to the use of government spending, taxation, and borrowing to influence the economy. It acts as a powerful tool to stimulate growth, control inflation, and achieve broader economic objectives. This article delves into the intricacies of fiscal policy, exploring … Read more
In view of rapid Globalization-3/”>Globalization, fast depleting material Resources, raising economic competition between nations and the growing need to protect intellectual property, it is essential to find cost effective approaches in international scientific collaborations through intensification of established mechanism, contacts and collaborative tie ups. Some new initiatives that may be suggested are : establishment of … Read more
In view of rapid Globalization-3/”>Globalization, fast depleting material Resources, raising economic competition between nations and the growing need to protect intellectual property, it is essential to find cost effective approaches in international scientific collaborations through intensification of established mechanism, contacts and collaborative tie ups. Some new initiatives that may be suggested are : establishment of … Read more
Transfer Payments: Redistributing Wealth and Shaping Economies Transfer payments, a cornerstone of modern economies, represent a vital mechanism for redistributing wealth and influencing economic outcomes. These payments, often referred to as “non-market” transactions, involve the transfer of funds from one entity to another without any exchange of goods or services in return. This article delves … Read more
Navigating the Labyrinth: A Comprehensive Guide to General Anti-Avoidance Rules (GAAR) The pursuit of tax efficiency is a natural instinct for individuals and businesses alike. However, this pursuit can sometimes lead to the creation of complex and artificial arrangements solely designed to minimize tax liability. To counter such practices and ensure a fair and equitable … Read more