Notes and Study material for Exams
Ex situ bioremediation techniques Ex situ bioremediation is a type of bioremediation that takes place outside of the environment where the contamination occurred. This type of bioremediation is often used when the contamination is too large or too dangerous to be treated in situ. There are several different ex situ bioremediation techniques, each with its … Read more
Preparation of Oxygen Oxygen is prepared in lab generally in two ways either by the application of heat or no application of heat. Using heat: Oxygen in lab is prepared by heating the mixture of powdered potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide in the ratio 4:1 in a hard glass test tube. The oxygen gas is … Read more
Climate Change It is the long term change in the statistical distribution of weather patterns over periods of time Though it has been happening naturally for millions of years, in recent years it has accelerated due to anthropogenic causes and has been causing Global Warming. UNFCCC defines Climate Change as – “a change of climate … Read more
Ex Situ Bioremediation: Cleaning Up Contamination Beyond the Source The Earth’s environment is increasingly burdened by the presence of harmful pollutants. These contaminants, ranging from heavy metals to organic compounds, pose significant threats to human health, ecosystems, and biodiversity. While in situ bioremediation offers a promising approach to clean up contaminated sites directly, ex situ … Read more
Remote sensing: principles, electromagnetic spectrum, components and applications Remote sensing, also called earth observation, refers to obtaining information about objects or areas at the Earth’s surface without being in direct contact with the object or area. Humans accomplish this task with aid of eyes or by the sense of smell or hearing; so, remote sensing … Read more
The Foundation of a Healthy Environment: A Comprehensive Guide to Drainage Systems Drainage systems are the unsung heroes of our built environment, silently working behind the scenes to ensure the smooth flow of water and prevent its detrimental effects. From the intricate network of pipes beneath our streets to the sophisticated drainage solutions in our … Read more
Biotechnology in environmental clean up process Landfill Technologies Solid wastes account for an increasing proportion of the waste generated by urban societies. While a part of this volume consists of glass, plastics, and other non-biodegradable material, a considerable proportion of this is made of decomposable solid organic material, like food wastes from large … Read more
Kinetic theory of gases The kinetic theory describes a gas as a large number of submicroscopic particles (atoms or Molecules), all of which are in constant rapid motion that has randomness arising from their many collisions with each other and with the walls of the container. According to kinetic theory of gases, the molecules of … Read more
Addition of certain substances to the water such as organic, inorganic, biological, radiological, heat, which degrades the quality of water so that it becomes unfit for use. Putrescibility is the process of decomposition of organic matter present in water by Microorganisms using Oxygen. Water having DO (dissolved oxygen) content below 8.0 mg/L may be … Read more
Thermal power program of India More than 65% of India’s electricity generation capacity comes from thermal power Plants, with 85% of the country’s thermal power generation being coal-based. The ten biggest thermal power stations operating in India are all coal-fired, with five of them owned and operated by state-run National Thermal Power Corporation (NTPC). Vindhyachal Thermal … Read more