Notes and Study material for Exams
Permaculture: A Holistic Approach to Sustainable Living Permaculture, a word coined in 1978 by Australians Bill Mollison and David Holmgren, is a design system that seeks to create sustainable human settlements and agricultural systems. It’s not just about gardening; it’s a philosophy, a way of life, and a practical set of tools for creating a … Read more
Integrated Farming Systems: A Holistic Approach to Sustainable Agriculture The world’s population is growing, and with it, the demand for food. This increasing demand puts immense pressure on agricultural systems, leading to environmental degradation, resource depletion, and a decline in biodiversity. To address these challenges, a paradigm shift towards sustainable agriculture is crucial. Integrated Farming … Read more
Farm Yard Manure Farm yard manure (FYM) is a type of organic fertilizer that is made from the waste products of farm animals, such as cattle, pigs, and chickens. FYM is a valuable source of nutrients for plants, including nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. It can also help to improve SoilSoil structure and drainage. Composition of … Read more
Sustainable Agriculture: Feeding the Future While Protecting the Planet The world’s population is projected to reach 9.7 billion by 2050, demanding a significant increase in food production. However, the current agricultural system, heavily reliant on chemical inputs and intensive practices, is unsustainable. It contributes to environmental degradation, climate change, and biodiversity loss, threatening the very … Read more
Concentrated Organic Manures Concentrated organic manures are a type of organic fertilizer that is made from animal waste. They are a good source of nutrients for plants, and they can help to improve SoilSoil health. Types of Concentrated Organic Manures There are many different types of concentrated organic manures, each with its own unique properties. … Read more
Green Manuring: A Sustainable Way to Improve SoilSoil Health Green manure is a type of cover crop that is grown and then turned under the Soil to improve soil health. Green manure crops are typically legumes, such as alfalfa or clover, which fix nitrogen from the air and add it to the soil. They can … Read more
Green Leaf Manuring Green manure is a type of organic fertilizer that is made from growing and then incorporating green plants into the SoilSoil. Green manure plants are typically legumes, such as alfalfa or clover, but they can also be non-legumes, such as buckwheat or mustard. Plant Sources Trees and shrubs Herbaceous plants WeedsWeeds (non-invasive) … Read more
Integrated Nutrient Management (INM): A Holistic Approach to Sustainable Agriculture Introduction The world’s population is steadily increasing, demanding a corresponding rise in food production. However, conventional agricultural practices, heavily reliant on synthetic fertilizers, are facing mounting challenges. Environmental degradation, resource depletion, and rising input costs are pushing the agricultural sector towards a critical juncture. This … Read more
Well and Tube Well Irrigation: A Vital Lifeline for Agriculture Agriculture, the backbone of many economies, relies heavily on irrigation to sustain crop production, especially in regions with limited rainfall. Well and tube well irrigation systems have emerged as crucial tools for ensuring water availability and enhancing agricultural productivity. This article delves into the intricacies … Read more
Micro-Irrigation: A Revolution in Water Conservation and Agricultural Productivity Introduction In a world grappling with increasing water scarcity and the need for sustainable agricultural practices, micro-irrigation has emerged as a transformative technology. This precise and efficient irrigation method delivers water directly to the plant roots, minimizing waste and maximizing water use efficiency. This article delves … Read more